Located at its zenith, it shines brightly, warming passers-by, hurrying about their business. At first, they do not notice how a defect appears on the star's disk. But it increases, covering the star partially, and then completely. Now it is impossible to ignore an incomprehensible phenomenon: a black disk is visible in the sky, along the edges of which a small rim glows. The night falls, the stars appear. But a few minutes pass and everything returns to normal - the sun shines again, gradually freeing itself from a dark spot ...
Human reaction to a solar eclipse
It is clear that in ancient times our ancestors were afraid of such. If they were afraid of a simple thunderstorm with thunder or earth vibrations, then what can we say about the disappearance of the sun in the middle of a broad day. They interpreted the solar eclipse as the wrath of higher powers. People in ancient times believed that in this way the Gods warn mankind about an imminent terrible catastrophe. Even now, in the 21st century, when scientists have fully studied the mechanism of a natural phenomenon, we are still waiting for it with trepidation and experience, linking the disappearance of the sun with something terrible and mystical.
At any time when there were solar eclipses, doctors advised people to stay at home, rest, and not solve important issues. After all, on such days, an increase in anxiety, feelings of fear, depression or excitement is noticed. In hypertensive people with problems of the cardiovascular system also feel bad. A person's nerves can be shattered, he falls into a state of stupor. Skeptics say it's all self-hypnosis. But the opposite version testifies to something else: when there were solar eclipses, gravitational pressure on the Earth was observed. As a result, weather-dependent and emotional people felt it.
The mechanism of a natural phenomenon
The solar eclipse model is easy to describe for incompetent people. It starts from the right side of the star. The moon, which becomes one line with him, gradually closes his outlines. At first, only a dark horn appears, then it expands, growing into a huge black disk.
In these seconds around the Sun you can observe the radiance, the so-called corona. This is the outer atmospheric layer, which is invisible on ordinary days due to its relatively low brightness against the background of the daytime sky. Almost every time this diadem is different: it changes depending on solar activity. A pinkish ring appears above the horizon. It is formed as follows: light from other zones penetrates into the area darkened by the Moon, where not a total, but only a partial eclipse is observed.
An interesting fact is that the dimensions of the Moon are 400 times smaller than the Sun. At the same time, it is 400 times closer to the Earth than it is. Even cynics find some mysticism and mystery in this.
Mythology
You can’t do without it, because everything inexplicable and mysterious for our ancestors immediately acquired legends and tales. When there were solar eclipses, the learned minds of that time took up the pen to describe this stunning and at the same time awesome beauty. The pagans said that during a natural phenomenon, the battle of the Gods takes place. The Vietnamese believed that the Moon and the Sun were two sister goddesses who took turns looking after people. Their husband was a bear, who periodically demanded fulfillment from the virgins. He followed them, and when he overtook, solar and
It was said that the heavenly bodies are eaten by a wolf. And in order to scare him away, on the days of eclipses, they made a lot of noise. The Egyptians believed that the daily journey of the god Ra is interrupted when the serpent Apep breaks out of the underworld and swallows the boat. The deity fights the monster and invariably wins. And the Indians in Colombia and Mexico were inclined to believe that the eclipse is the sorcery of evil demons. From their charms, the luminaries fell ill. All these versions are interesting today when we study the culture of ancient peoples. Mythology gives us a clear idea of the way of life of ancient people, their beliefs and beliefs.
The most famous solar eclipses
Historians have noticed that a total solar eclipse has always warned of tipping points. The most famous, of course, is that which marked the death of Christ. It is known that he was crucified on Friday afternoon. At this time, from 6 to 9 in the evening, the sun completely disappeared and a profound phenomenon began in the gospels described by Mark, Luke and Matthew. It was the beginning of a new life for humanity, which is still trying to atone for its sin.
At the same time, the very first eclipse that occurred in the human age occurred in China. It happened in 2134 BC. Previously, people had not encountered anything like this, so the sudden disappearance of the sun resulted in a strong panic in the country, up to mass riots. In Kievan Rus, a natural phenomenon also predicted an unsuccessful campaign for Prince Igor. It appeared when the prince crossed the Donets River. Ignoring the bad sign, he was captured and killed.
Another famous eclipse occurred in 1919 and completely changed the understanding of physics, while confirming Einstein's theory of relativity. The sun was out for only 6 minutes. In that short time, British astronomer Arthur Eddington proved that bodies with strong gravity can bend time, space, and light.
Solar eclipses in the history of Russia
They also influenced events in our country. For example, the birth of Karl Marx, the man who indirectly changed the course of the history of the state, was also accompanied by a solar eclipse. Years later, historians drew a parallel: a famous politician and philosopher was born on May 5, 1818 in the German city of Trier. It was then that the sun completely disappeared from the sky. In Germany itself, this phenomenon went unnoticed, but it was well seen by the inhabitants of Russia, especially St. Petersburg. Scientists see a certain mysticism in this, since it was in Russia that the revolutionary ideas of Marx were tested in practice, and St. Petersburg became the center of three revolutions.
The solar eclipse in Russia in 1945 became a symbol of the victory over fascism and the triumphal parade that took place on June 24. By the way, a natural phenomenon was also observed on the eve of the nuclear bomb test and All these events affected humanity, forcing it to rethink life, and also greatly influenced many significant events in Russian and world history.
What to expect in 2015
Astronomers predict a strong solar eclipse that will occur in the near future in the Faroe Islands. On March 20, 2015, the solar disk will completely disappear from the gaze of people. It will only be possible to observe this beauty either in the Faroe Islands or in the Svalbard archipelago. This is about sushi. From the sea, the eclipse will be visible from the Atlantic Ocean and from the Arctic ice. Some partial phases will fall within the visibility zone of Europeans, residents of the northern Arctic and western Russia. In our country, the best way to watch the disappearance of the sun will be in Murmansk at 13.18 local time.
Whenever there were solar eclipses, astronomers warned people not to look at them with the naked eye. Otherwise, you can burn the retina. If you are going to see this amazing phenomenon next time, do not forget about basic precautions. And then your impressions will remain truly colorful and such that they are remembered for a lifetime.
Several times a year, lovers of stars and romance gather in the open air to see a mesmerizing spectacle - a solar eclipse. This is an unusual phenomenon that affects the rhythm of the planet as a whole, makes a person break away from his routine and think about the eternal. For scientists, the eclipse is an incredible opportunity to study new phenomena of the planet, space, universe…
A solar eclipse occurs when the solar and lunar orbits intersect and the lunar disk obscures the sun. The picture is truly bewitching: a black disk appears in the sky, framed by a border of sun rays that look like corona rays. It becomes dark around, and with a total eclipse in the sky you can see the stars ... Why don't you like a plot for a romantic date? But a date during a solar eclipse will not last long, about 4-5 minutes, but we guarantee it will be unforgettable!
When and where will the next solar eclipse be?
In 2020, it will be possible to enjoy the amazing phenomenon three times: February 15, July 13 and August 11.
Eclipse February 15
The eclipse of February 15th, unfortunately, has already passed. It was partial, the moon did not completely cover the sun, and total darkness did not come. The southern part of our planet has become a more favorable observation point. To be precise, the best place to view the solar eclipse was Antarctica. But not only there was the disk of the moon framed by the solar corona visible. The inhabitants of Australia and partially the population of South America and Africa were also lucky. The inhabitants of Russia were not at all lucky, the eclipse was not visible at any point in a large and vast country. Many photographs of the inhabitants of Antarctica, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay can be found on various social networks. You can also watch a video, but which captures the entire eclipse, on YouTube video hosting.
Eclipse July 13
For those who are too lazy to get out of a warm and cozy bed in winter, there was an amazing opportunity to see a bewitching phenomenon in the summer. In 2020, another partial solar eclipse will take place on July 13, 2020. It will be possible to enjoy the phenomenon in Tasmania, Australia (in the southern part), in Antarctica (in the eastern part). Therefore, we book tickets, hotel rooms and countdown! The exact time of this partial solar eclipse is 06:02 am Moscow time.
Eclipse August 11
Well, if you do not have the opportunity to leave for a couple of days to another country, to another continent, to look at the solar corona, do not be discouraged. On August 11, the solar eclipse can also be observed in Russia, in Moscow. Of course, not only in Moscow, but also in the North-Eastern part of China, in Mongolia, Kazakhstan, the Far East and Siberia. Also, people in the central part of Russia, in Scandinavia, in Greenland and in Canada, in the northern part, will be able to see the phenomenon.
There will only be partial solar eclipses in 2020. It turns out that we will not have the opportunity to see the all-consuming darkness, and the appearance of stars in the sky during the day? Maybe there has never been a total solar eclipse at all?
History of eclipses
Let's dwell on this issue and recall the course of literature in high school. After all, the most famous solar eclipse is the eclipse of May 1, 1185. It was on this day that Prince Igor Svyatoslavovich set off on an unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy. It is known about him thanks to the ancient Russian work "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", which we study at school at the desk.
The version that there was no total solar eclipse at all disappears. But now it’s not 1185, but the 21st century already, has there really been no more total solar eclipses on Earth since the 12th century?
We specify, and it turns out that the last total solar eclipse was not so long ago. It could be observed on March 20, 2015. The phenomenon occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean and in Africa. More recently, a solar eclipse occurred on November 14, 2012 in Australia. The longest total solar eclipse occurred on July 22, 2009. The phenomenon lasted 6 minutes and 4 seconds. To see the longest eclipse of the sun by the moon, people traveled to the central and northeastern parts of India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China and the Ryukyu.
The phenomenon of a total solar eclipse has been confirmed, but, unfortunately, it is not expected in 2020. The next one will happen on July 2, 2020, and in order to see what is happening with your own eyes, you will need to move to the central parts of Argentina and Chile, or to the Tuamotu. But those who do not like to travel will have to wait to see a total solar eclipse in Russia. You will have to wait until March 30, 2033, it is in March that the phenomenon of a black lunar disk with a solar corona can be observed in the eastern part of Russia, and also in Alaska, maybe by the total eclipse the territory of the peninsula will also become part of the Russian Federation ...
We remind you that in 2020 it will be possible to watch 2 more partial solar eclipses: on July 13 and August 11. Take a pen, go to the calendar and circle the dates indicated above, then you will definitely not miss these events and will be able to enjoy the beauty and originality of a brief moment.
There will be a total solar eclipse on March 20 this year, blocking up to 90 percent of the sun. The eclipse will be the largest event in 16 years. On this day, the Moon passes directly in front of the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth. A solar eclipse could cause temporary power outages across Europe. The eclipse will occur on the afternoon of March 20 on Friday and will begin at 7:41 UTC (UT) and end at 11:50 UTC.
Start of solar eclipse: 12:13 Moscow time
Maximum phase of the solar eclipse: 13:20 Moscow time
· The end of the solar eclipse: 14:27 Moscow time
Maximum obscuration of the solar disk: 58 percent
In the east of Greenland, in Iceland, in the Svalbard archipelago and in the Faroe Islands, a total eclipse will be observed. There will be a partial solar eclipse in Russia, Europe, northern and eastern Africa and northern and eastern Asia.
The last total solar eclipse of this magnitude occurred on August 11, 1999, and the next one will take place in 2026. In addition, an eclipse can disrupt solar power supplies and lead to power outages.
Remember not to look directly at the Sun during , as this can cause permanent eye damage. For observation, you need to use special solar filters.
The eclipse falls on the day of the equinox and the new moon, and the Moon will reach lunar perigee - the closest point to the Earth in its orbit. The spring equinox occurs on March 20, 2015 at 22:45 UTC (March 21, 1:45 Moscow time). It represents the moment when the Sun crosses the celestial equator. On the day of the equinox, the duration of the night and day is the same and is 12 hours.
March's new moon will be a supermoon that, although not visible, will have a greater than normal effect on Earth's oceans. An eclipse occurs when a celestial body, such as the Moon or a planet, passes into the shadow of another body. There are two types of eclipses on Earth: solar and lunar.
During a solar eclipse, the Moon's orbit passes between the Sun and the Earth. When this happens, the Moon blocks the Sun's light and casts a shadow on the Earth.
There are several types of solar eclipse:
Full - it is visible in certain areas of the Earth, which are located in the center of the lunar shadow falling on the Earth. Sun, Moon and Earth are in a straight line.
Partial - This eclipse occurs when the Sun, Moon and Earth are not exactly in line, and the observers are located in the penumbra.
Ring-shaped - occurs when the moon is at its farthest point from the earth. As a result, it does not completely block the solar disk, but looks like a dark disk, around which a bright ring is visible.
Even in ancient times, people noticed a special astronomical phenomenon, which in the future was called "eclipse". First of all, there are lunar and solar eclipses, but each of them a few centuries ago led to horror and confusion. As a rule, ignorant people saw in them a terrible omen or a message from the Almighty, which everyone tried to interpret as best they could. Now scientists know enough that no one else is afraid of strange celestial phenomena. In this article, we will tell you about when the year will be both lunar and solar eclipses, as well as how they affect a person.
Lunar eclipses in 2018
There will be two total lunar eclipses in 2018: January 31, 2018 and July 27, 2018. Therefore, lovers of seeing something unusual will be able to enjoy this spectacle in all its glory.
Lunar eclipses, as a rule, occur at the moment when the Moon, as it were, hides in the shadow of our planet, being on the same line with the Sun. For an observer on Earth, the natural satellite disappears altogether, which gives the impression of its complete absence. An interesting phenomenon during a lunar eclipse is the red moon. it was she who most of all frightened our ancestors, who thought that its red lunar color symbolizes the coming deadly period. However, there is nothing terrible in the red moon. On the contrary, this beautiful and unique event in the sky looks very bewitching and impressive, but does not portend anything.
Solar eclipses in 2018
In the upcoming 2018, the inhabitants of the Earth will not have to see total solar eclipses. But private, as many as three are expected: February 15, 2018, July 13, 2018, August 11, 2018.
It should be noted that solar eclipses occur in almost the same number as lunar ones (if we take a long period of time) and are an astronomical phenomenon in which the Moon completely or partially covers the solar disk. This happens when the Sun, Moon and Earth line up in one straight line, which gives the impression that the natural satellite of our planet outshines the Sun. It is noteworthy that the eclipse is not observed in all points of the planet at the same time and in the same way (see Fig. schedule-calendar below). It all depends on the viewing angle, because in reality the Moon is much smaller than the Sun and closes it only due to the fact that the observer is on Earth, a point more distant at that time.
Calendar of lunar and solar eclipses for 2018
The impact of eclipses on humans and their consequences
Despite the fact that the ancient times of primitive fears have long passed, yet some people continue to believe in the oppressive influence of solar and lunar eclipses. And in this phobia there is still a grain of truth. Of course, the eclipse does not carry any terrible consequences. However, their effect on the human body has been proven by science.
It is believed that the people most susceptible to deterioration during this astronomical event are the elderly, suffering from cardiovascular diseases, pregnant women and people with mental disorders. They begin to feel unwell about two weeks before the day on which the eclipse is due to occur, and poor health may continue for another two weeks after its completion. Especially superstitious ones claim that during this phenomenon it is even better not to leave the house at all, especially for expectant mothers, but science has not yet found confirmation of such words.
A solar eclipse is a process that produces an indelible and bewitching impression. It has long given rise to many legends and signs. In fact, a solar eclipse is nothing more than a common astronomical phenomenon. The moon gets in the way of the sun's rays at a certain point in time when the orbit of its rotation is in line with the sun with respect to certain points on the earth. That is, a solar eclipse is not visible on the entire planet at the same time or during the day.
The center of our solar system is about 400 times larger than the earth's satellite and about 400 times further away. If these 3 astronomical objects were all the time on the same plane, we could observe the eclipse every day and there would be no magic in it. The orbit of our natural satellite has an angle of inclination of 5 degrees to the side relative to the earth's orbit. On top of that, the Moon's orbit is not a circle, but an ellipse. Hence it turns out that you can see a total eclipse at the same point on the Earth once every several tens of generations.
![](https://i1.wp.com/prostochek.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-2015.jpg)
Hundreds of years may pass before such a phenomenon is again observed at one spatial point. Since the total solar eclipse has not visited the North Pole for hundreds of thousands of years, the next solar eclipse in 2015 should have been unique. Moreover, it took place on the day of the spring solstice, when day equals night. The phenomenon in its full form was lucky to observe the inhabitants of the Faroe Islands and Svalbard. Separate phases of the eclipse were visible on the territory of Russia, as well as in part of Europe. In 2015, the eclipse can only be seen in South Africa on September 13th.
What are the phases of a solar eclipse?
When the next solar eclipse happens also depends on our expectations. If you think that the annular type of phenomenon is no different from a total eclipse, you are a happy person. There are 3 varieties of this phenomenon:
- Total solar eclipse. In simple terms, this is such an eclipse when the silhouette of the Moon completely covers the light of the Sun. As a result, in the usual place of the Sun, we observe the black disk of the moon. Why black? Everything is simple. At this moment, the moon is turned to the Earth with its unlit side, because it is not a source of light, but only reflects sunlight, i.e. during a solar eclipse, it is not illuminated.
- Partial phases of a solar eclipse. The Moon covers the Sun to some extent, passing a little lower or higher. Those. the central axes of both space objects do not coincide.
- Annular eclipse. Our satellite passes far enough from the Earth and its diameter is not enough to completely outshine the Sun. As a result of this, a black disk is obtained with a halo of sunlight bordered on all sides. This is the difference between this type of eclipse and partial phases.
How does a solar eclipse affect a person
Do not try to observe a solar eclipse with magnifying instruments. Such devices can be binoculars, a camera, and even a telescope if you have one. This can certainly lead to complete loss of vision or milder consequences, such as retinal detachment. Sunglasses don't help you either. Of course, it will be better in them, but they will not be able to eliminate all the consequences of observing this phenomenon. You need a powerful light filter, with a silver coating on it. It can be, for example, a welder's mask. Also, a layer of such a coating is contained in photographic film, but it is extremely difficult to find the necessary film.
![](https://i2.wp.com/prostochek.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-2015.jpg)
The reason is that such a light filter is included in the production of only a few manufacturers of photographic film used exclusively for black and white printing. You can also be helped by modern technologies that are available in almost every pocket. Mobile phone cameras. All you need is to point the camera at the solar eclipse and contemplate this process on the phone display without any harm to health, because the digitized image does not carry direct sunlight. Also, without harming your eyesight, you can see the phase of a total eclipse, because. The sun is not visible at this moment.
There is absolutely no data indicating the negative impact of the eclipse on the human body. An exception in the range of mammals may be animals that are not warned about it. At the moment of the disappearance of the luminary, they may fall into a panic caused by a loss of orientation in space. People with mental disabilities can also suffer if they have no idea about the upcoming event. However, there is an opinion, based on medical research, that during an eclipse in people with heart problems, blood pressure, pulse and breathing increase. It is noted that it is not clear whether the eclipse itself and the solar storms passing at this moment or the superstitions that these people have influence this way.
![](https://i2.wp.com/prostochek.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-2015.jpg)
In addition, when the Sun and Moon are in line, they have the greatest gravitational influence on the Earth. At this moment, sea and river tides reach their maximum value. Therefore, the solar eclipse is likely to have a negative effect on weather-sensitive people.
When is the next solar eclipse
Russians may not expect the next solar eclipse in 2016 as it will not visit our country. The full eclipse will be seen on March 9 in the Pacific Ocean and parts of Asia. It will be followed by an eclipse on September 1st. It will be observed in the southern part of our planet, in the Atlantic, southern Africa and South America.
![](https://i2.wp.com/prostochek.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B2-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg)
This astronomical process takes place annually, but it will not visit Russia again soon. When will the next solar eclipse be in Russia again? Back in 2026, August 12, actually 11 years later. Further - in 2033. In the next 17 years, we will be able to see only 2 eclipses.