Reading the verse "Three Palm Trees" by Lermontov Mikhail Yuryevich is worth all lovers of parables. This work, written in 1838, has its own deep and philosophical meaning. The main characters of the poem are the palm trees themselves, which are located in the desert. The poem touches upon religious themes and the problem of man's relationship with nature. Such questions appear in many of Lermontov's works. He was always trying to find answers to the strangest mysteries of the world around him. And he used creativity as a way of communicating with himself, an attempt to reflect and suggest, the opportunity to express a thought, to express an opinion.
The text of Lermontov's poem "Three Palms" conveys the essence of the fact that this oasis is a place inaccessible to living beings. It would seem that it was created in order to become a salvation for a lost traveler. And the palm trees cry out to God with these obvious thoughts. He, as if having heard them, sends people to the oasis who are not able to appreciate the incredible beauty of this place. Palm trees lose their beauty, becoming mere fuel. The oasis is destroyed, in its place there is only a desert, such as it should be. Such a painful impact of man on nature causes sadness and longing. Indeed, people cannot always rejoice at the beauty that the world around them gives them. They think about something else, earthly, not so important. Pride prevents them from seeing everything as it really is. She covers the eyes with an invisible veil, covering everything truly beautiful and incredible.
One of the main issues raised in the work is the religious moment. The author seems to hint at the fact that not always petitions directed to God will lead to the realization of a dream. Many do not understand that their dreams can only bring pain and disappointment. The end does not always justify the means. Pride, which is condemned in the work, often leads to complete self-destruction. Lermontov is trying to save the reader from trying to get something unattainable. You always need to remember that dreams can come true, so you need to think right, and do not forget about the consequences. Such a philosophical message should undoubtedly be taught in high school literature classes. The entire work can be read online or downloaded from our website.
(Eastern legend)
In the sandy steppes of the Arabian land
Three proud palm trees grew high.
A spring between them from barren soil,
Murmuring, breaking through a cold wave,
Stored, under the shade of green leaves,
From sultry rays and flying sands.
And many years silently passed;
But a tired wanderer from a foreign land
Burning chest to the cold moisture
I have not yet bowed under the green booth,
And they began to dry from the sultry rays
Luxurious leaves and a sonorous stream.
And three palm trees began to grumble at God:
“Why were we born, to wither here?
Without use in the desert we grew and bloomed,
Shaken by the whirlwind and the heat of burning,
No one's benevolent, not pleasing to the eye? ..
Yours is not right, oh heaven, the holy verdict!”
And just fell silent - in the distance blue
The golden sand was spinning like a pillar,
Discordant sounds rang out,
Packs covered with carpets were full of carpets,
And he walked, swaying like a boat in the sea,
Camel after camel, exploding sand.
Dangling, hung between hard humps
Patterned floors of camping tents;
Their swarthy hands sometimes raised,
And black eyes sparkled from there ...
And, leaning towards the bow,
The Arab heated the black horse.
And the horse reared up at times,
And he jumped like a leopard struck by an arrow;
And white clothes beautiful folds
On the shoulders of the Faris curled in disarray;
And with a cry and a whistle rushing across the sand,
He threw and caught a spear at a gallop.
Here a caravan approaches the palm trees, noisily:
In the shadow of their cheerful camp spread out.
Jugs sounding filled with water,
And, proudly nodding with a terry head,
Palm trees welcome unexpected guests,
And the cold stream generously waters them.
But as soon as dusk fell to the ground,
The ax pounded on the elastic roots,
And pets of centuries fell without life!
Their clothes were torn off by small children,
Their bodies were then chopped up,
And slowly burned them with fire until morning.
When the fog rushed to the west,
The caravan made its own way;
And then sad on barren soil
Only gray and cold ashes could be seen;
And the sun burned the dry remnants,
And then they were blown away by the wind in the steppe.
And now everything is wild and empty around -
Leaves with a rattling key do not whisper:
In vain does he ask the prophet for a shadow -
Only hot sand brings it
Yes, the kite is crested, the steppe is unsociable,
Prey torments and pinches over it.
Lermontov wrote "Three Palms" in 1838. Having resorted to the genre of legend, the poet reflects on many philosophical topics. This is not just a sad oriental tale, but a thought about human life, the destiny of the individual, about the relationship of man with God. The nature of the desert helps the poet to reveal all these motives.
Landscape lyrics by Lermontov
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov is a poet of a rich mental organization. His poems are imbued with lyricism, sorrow, loneliness. Very often, the psychological state of the lyrical hero is revealed by Lermontov through landscape sketches. Against the background of the beauties of nature, the poet reflects on life, relations in society, analyzes his experiences. It is enough to recall the poems “I go out alone on the road” or “When the yellowing field is worried.”
Love for nature, unity with it, Lermontov absorbed from childhood. The boy left without parents was raised by his grandmother - Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva. The little poet grew up as a very sickly child, so he spent his childhood in the family estate; from time to time, Elizaveta Alekseevna took little Misha to the Caucasus to relatives. Even then, the boy learned to admire the beauties of nature and even capture it in paintings. In some children's portraits, you can see Lermontov the child with a crayon in his hand. The paintings of the grown-up poet are also striking in their beauty: most often he painted the Caucasus Mountains.
The theme of the poem "Three palm trees"
It is no coincidence that Lermontov also resorts to the theme of nature this time. "Three palm trees" is an oriental legend. It is based on a story about palm trees that grew in a wonderful oasis of the Arabian Desert. A stream with cool water is adjacent to the trees. They lived together for a long time, until the palm trees “murmured” at God, saying that they would like to be useful, to see gratitude.
God answers the request - a caravan of merchants is immediately shown in the distance. Palm trees welcome him, but people do not feel gratitude towards them. Rather, on the contrary: they cut down and burn trees. This is how the poem ends sadly.
Man and nature in "Three Palms"
In one night, people destroyed a beautiful oasis that had lived here for centuries. And then palm trees and a stream would bring people deliverance from the exhausting sun, they would give rest. By this, Lermontov showed how fragile nature is, how easily it can be destroyed by rash actions.
The barbarity of people is shown in the poem very clearly. Lermontov achieves this by using the impersonation technique: tree trunks - “bodies”, leaves - “clothing”, “fell without life” - this is how they usually talk about heroes, warriors who died untimely.
The philosophical meaning of the poem
The problem of the relationship between man and nature lies on the surface in the poem, but if you delve into the meaning, you can see the serious questions that M. Yu. Lermontov poses. "Three palm trees" - the poet's reflection on the meaning of human existence in this world. He is trying to answer the question of why we exist? Will our life be the same as those of these palm trees: by revealing our talent to other people, will we fall victim to them, will they trample our fragile soul, thereby destroying it.
Most likely, Lermontov reflects personally on his mission. He is trying to understand whether society really needs his talent, and whether the gift will turn against him. Having drawn the analogy of Lermontov - three palm trees, the poem can be called partly prophetic. After all, the poet dies young.
Christian symbolism in the poem
Lermontov endowed "Three Palms" with a deep religious meaning. An analysis of the symbols of the Christian faith will reveal to us one more thought of the poem: the relationship of man with God. Three palm trees ask God for the highest good for themselves - so they think. God fulfills the request. But does it bring happiness? The answer is unequivocal - no. Lermontov ponders whether it is necessary to ask God to intervene in fate, or let everything take its course? The poet comes to the conclusion: God himself appoints the fate of a person, He knows how it will be better. It is not worth interfering in the course of fate.
The poem is saturated with symbols of Christianity:
- Number 3. The divine number appears even in the title of the poem. Three palm trees, according to researchers, are the components of the human soul: feelings, will and mind.
- The stream is the spirit of God, which gives life and nourishes the human soul. That is why, after the barbaric actions, the stream remains in the desert, because it is impossible to kill God.
- The name of the place, Arabian Land, makes the reader think of the Garden of Eden, because its location is supposedly on the Arabian Peninsula.
- The conflict in the poem is due to the pride of the palm trees - this is the very first sin, it was because of him that Lucifer was overthrown at one time.
- The images of Arabs cutting down palm trees are something dark, black (this color is found in their description). An analogy is made with evil spirits.
It was their pride and lack of humility that led to the cruel death of the palms. The poem "Three Palm Trees" by Lermontov calls to trust the will of God and not to interfere in fate.
Compositional features
M. Yu. Lermontov uses a clear structure for constructing a poem. "Three palm trees" have a well-defined circular composition built on the antithesis.
Indeed, M. Lermontov "Three Palms" begins with a description of the oasis, and ends with him. But here the picture is just the opposite. If in the first quatrain, the reader is presented with a serene life-affirming picture: a green corner in the middle of the desert, blue sky, golden sand. As soon as a caravan of future killers appears on the horizon, the colors change - they become black, dark. Also, the sounds change. Everything happens as if in a whirlwind: “exploding the sand”, “Arab heated the black horse”, “the horse ... jumped like a leopard”, “rushing along the sand with a cry and whistle”.
The last two quatrains are directly opposed to the first: ashes remained from the life-affirming picture, sadness settled in this place. Attention is focused on heat, heat, while in the first quatrain emphasis is placed on cold, icy water, shade. Loneliness settles in this place: “everything is wild and empty around”, “a kite ... a steppe unsociable”.
The antithesis can be traced not only at the lexical level, but also at the phonetic one. If, when describing the serene life of palm trees and a stream, we hear a pleasant euphony, then when describing a caravan, predominantly sharp combinations of consonants with the use of sonorants are used: floors of similar [day] [pieces] ans.
The genre of oriental legend gives the poem the status of folk wisdom. By this, Lermontov emphasizes that the topics raised by him are not new - they have been worrying humanity since time immemorial.
Means of artistic expression
The means of artistic expression that Lermontov uses are extensive. "Three Palms" contains:
![](https://i1.wp.com/syl.ru/misc/i/ai/186962/780368.jpg)
As you can see, the genius of Lermontov made it possible to convey serious philosophical reflections to the reader with the help of the nature of the East.
"Three Palms" "THREE PALMS", ballad L. (1839), the themes and images of a cut - defeated beauty, disastrous contact with the "other" world, etc. - are included in the system of L.'s late ballad creativity. land” (the convention is stipulated by the subtitle “Eastern legend”). With a stylized geographical and ethnographic the accuracy of the ballad of the event is given here outside of time coordinates. A number of images of "Three Palms" is continued in the ballad "Dispute" (1840). A force that threatens to conquer the Caucasus. mountains and distort their beauty, is drawn in the "Dispute" historically specifically, this is Russian. troops led by political expediency; but this force also approaches the "heroes" of the ballad in the form of a motley procession, similar to the procession of the caravan in "Three Palms". There are text matches up to dep. words: “The ax rattled on the elastic roots” and “In the depths of your gorges / The ax will rattle,” predicts Kazbek Shat-mountain. In both ballads there is a motive of "careless", although at the same time utilitarian, pragmatic. relationship of man to nature. However, both ballads have in mind the tragic. the clash of their "heroes" with the laws of being, hidden from their spiritual gaze, beyond their understanding (hence the providentially unjustified murmur of palm trees against God). "Three palm trees" lie in the sphere of art. L.'s meditations on beauty and death. In the ballad "Tamara" the image of beauty that kills is given, in "Three palm trees" - beauty that is killed: "Their bodies were chopped up later, / And they slowly burned them until morning with fire"; folklore studies. a variant of the same idea is the ballad "Sea Princess". The destruction of beauty in The Dispute is a forced, natural consequence of progress; in “Three Palms” it is more complicated: destruction is a consequence of the desire of beauty, as it were, to surpass itself, to unite with usefulness. L. does not reject the possibility of such a pairing, but anxiously reflects on its unforeseeable consequences. In the ballad, Lermont was refracted in a new way. the motive of thirst for action (cf. Action and feat in Art. Motives): inactive being is drawn by the poet as fruitless and disastrous for the palms themselves: “And they began to dry from the sultry rays / Luxurious leaves and a sonorous stream.” But unlike other verses, where guilt for impracticability or tragic. consequences to.-l. “accomplishments” were assigned to the world hostile to the hero, here the victim herself shares the guilt in her death along with the human world alien to her: allegorical. ballad atmosphere verse. allows for various interpretations: the procession of the caravan is conveyed as a natural, spontaneous movement; but it can also be read as a fatal answer to the murmur of the three palms; the artistic solution of this philosophical theme is embodied by Lermontov in the antithesis of "sound" - "silence". According to the main plot motif (murmur of palm trees against God), verse (4-foot amphibrach), stanza (six-line type aaBBss) and Lermont's oriental coloring. the ballad correlates with the IX "Imitation of the Koran" by A. S. Pushkin, as pointed out by N. F. Sumtsov (A. S. Pushkin, Kharkov, 1900, pp. 164-74). This connection is polemical. character. Verse. Pushkin is optimistic, it captures the legend of a miracle that happened in the desert; the weary traveler plunges into a mortal sleep, but he wakes up, and a renewed world awakens with him: “And then a miracle happened in the desert: / The past was revived in new beauty; / The palm-tree shady head again trembles; / Again the well is filled with coolness and haze. L. contrasts the miraculous revival in Pushkin with desolation: “And now everything is wild and empty all around - / Leaves with a rattling key do not whisper: / In vain does he ask the prophet for a shadow - / Only hot sand brings him.” An earlier source of verse. and Pushkin, and L. - “Song of an Arab over the grave of a horse” by V. A. Zhukovsky (1810). Just like "Three palm trees" L. and verse IX. "Imitations of the Koran" by Pushkin, "Song" written in 4-foot amphibrach; The action takes place in the desert. An Arab, mourning a horse killed in battle, believes that he and his horse friend will meet after death. Main motives-realities of all three verses. identical: an Arab - a desert - a cool shadow - a horse (in Pushkin, it is reduced - "donkey"). But, arguing with Pushkin, L. at the same time offends Zhukovsky's "Song ...". Arab in verse. Zhukovsky does evil, and the death of a horse can be regarded as retribution for the perfect murder of an enemy. The Arab does even more evil in Three Palms, but, unlike the hero Zhukovsky, he does not receive retribution: the careless Arab and his horse are full of life: “And, tilting the lean body to the bow, / The Arab hot the black horse.” Thus, “Three palm trees” (if we consider the verse. L. in "reverse perspective, as a product. single lit. process in Russian. Lit-re 1st floor. 19th century), contrary to chronology, turn out to be a kind of "preface" to Zhukovsky's "Song ...": the events of "Three Palms" seem to precede the tragedy that befell his hero. In 1826 in the journal. "Slav" (No. 11) appeared verse. P. Kudryashov "Arab in love". The Arab admires his horse: “He rushed, he raced, he flew like a whirlwind ... / The sand rose behind the flying mountain!” ... “I raced against the enraged enemies. / A blow of an ax and a blow of a mace / They fell like a deadly thunderstorm on the heads! But the Arab saw the beautiful girl and forgot about the horse: “Like a young palm tree, so the maiden is slender; / She captivates with magical beauty. Kudryashov's orientation towards Zhukovsky is undeniable. He is imitative and does not pretend to be independent. However, the possibility is not ruled out that his verse. echoed in the ballad of L., who had the exception. lit. memory: a number of speech turns and motives of the ballad (a blow of an ax, the image of a young and slender palm tree, etc.) are closest to the motives of the verse. P. Kudryashov. Thus, L. completes the prevailing in Russian. lyric cycle conditionally orientalistic. poems, at the origins of which is Zhukovsky. “Three palm trees” is the last word in an almost 30-year-old poetic. competition, in which both the classics and the amateur poet participated. Such a desire to complete a certain line of development of poetry for L. characteristic. The ballad was highly appreciated by V. G. Belinsky: “The plasticity and relief of images, the convexity of forms and the bright brilliance of oriental colors - merge poetry with painting in this play” (IV, 534).
Caravan. ill. V. D. Polenova. Black watercolor. 1891.
Verse. illustrated by more than 20 artists, incl. P. Bunin, M. A. Zichy, V. M. Konashevich, A. I. Konstantinovsky, D. I. Mitrokhin, A. A. Oya, V. D. Polenov, I. E. Repin, V. Ya. Surenyants, M. Ya. Chambers-Bilibina, A. G. Yakimchenko. Set to music by P. A. Manykin-Nevstruev, V. M. Ivanov-Korsunsky; A. A. Spendiarov owns a symphony. painting "Three palm trees". To the music Spendiarova M. M. Fokin staged the ballet The Seven Daughters of the Mountain King (1913), which was based on the idea of verse. L. Autograph unknown. For the first time - "OZ", 1839, No. 8, dep. III, p. 168-170; dated 1839 (1st half) according to L.'s "Poems" (1840).Lit.: Belinsky, vol. 4, p. 534-35; Chernyshevsky, vol. 3, p. 110; Shevyrev, With. 532; Maikov W., critical. experiments, St. Petersburg, 1891, p. 257-58; Neumann(1), p. 107-09; Distiller G. O. Criticism of poetic. text, M., 1927, p. 81-82; Veltman S., East in art. literature, M. - L., 1928, p. 148-49; Zdobnov, With. 267; From the notebook, "Lit. critic", 1939, book. 1, p. 187-88; Neustadt, With. 198; Good(1), p. 412-13; Eichenbaum(7), p. 69 [same, see Eichenbaum(12), p. 112-13]; Peisakhovich(1), p. 455-56; Fedorov(2), p. 121-22; Odintsov G. F., Faris in “Three Palms” M. Yu. L., “Rus. speech”, 1969, No. 6, p. 94-96; Korovin(4), p. 94-96; Udodov(2), p. 197-99; Chicherin(1), p. 413; Maymin, With. 132-33; Nazirov R. G., Reminiscence and paraphrase in "Crime and Punishment", in the book: Dostoevsky. Materials and research, vol. 2, L., 1976, p. 94-95; Naiditsch E. E., Selected by the poet himself (On the collection of poems. L. 1840), "RL", 1976, No. 3, p. 68-69; Potebnya A. A., From lectures on the theory of literature, in his book: Aesthetics and poetics, M., 1976, p. 550-52; Zhizina A. D., Poem. M. Yu. L. “Three Palms”, “Rus. speech”, 1978, No. 5.
V. N. Turbin Lermontov Encyclopedia / USSR Academy of Sciences. In-t rus. lit. (Pushkin. House); Scientific-ed. Council of the publishing house "Sov. Enzikl."; Ch. ed. Manuilov V. A., Editorial staff: Andronikov I. L., Bazanov V. G., Bushmin A. S., Vatsuro V. E., Zhdanov V. V., Khrapchenko M. B. - M .: Sov. Encycl., 1981
See what "Three Palms" is in other dictionaries:
"Three Palms"- THREE PALMS, about one-act ballet to music. A. A. Spendiarova, scene. and ballet. E. Ya. Changa. November 29, 1964, Treasury im. Spendiarova, art. M. Avetisyan, conductor A. M. Voskanyan; Three palm trees J. A. Kalantyan, A. G. Marikyan, L. I. Mityai, Stream V. Sh.… … Ballet. Encyclopedia
TRANSLATIONS AND STUDIES OF LERMONTOV IN THE LITERATURES OF THE PEOPLES OF THE USSR. The connections of L.'s creativity with the liters of the peoples of the USSR are numerous and diverse, they were implemented in different ways and carried out in individual liters, arose at different times depending on ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
MUSIC and Lermontov. Music in the life and work of L. The first muses. L. owes his impressions to his mother. In 1830 he wrote: “When I was three years old, there was a song that made me cry; I can’t remember her now, but I’m sure that if I had heard her, she would ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
TRANSLATIONS AND STUDIES OF LERMONTOV ABROAD. The degree of L.'s fame in a given country largely depends on the intensity of that country's cultural ties with Russia in the past, and then with the USSR. His poems and prose gained the greatest popularity in ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
RUSSIAN LAKES and Lermontov's heritage. Creativity L. found an interpretation of preim. in one of the types arts and crafts in painting miniatures made on papier-mâché items (coated with black lacquer) by masters of plank beds. artistic crafts ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
ILLUSTRATION OF THE WORKS OF Lermontov. During the life of the poet, his work. not illustrated. The exception is 3 auth. illustrations preserved in manuscripts: frontispiece to the poem "Prisoner of the Caucasus" (gouache, 1828), cover of the poem "Circassians" (pen, ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
Russian composer (born in 1871), student of N. Klenovsky and Rimsky Korsakov. His main works: a quartet on Pushkin's words "The Bird of God", a minuet "Berceuse", a concert overture for an orchestra, a quartet on words ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
- (1871 1928), owls. composer and conductor. In 1895 he wrote a romance on the verses of L .: “They loved each other” (included in his collection: Four romances for voice with accompaniment by the piano, St. Petersburg, 1899), in 1901 the romance “Palestine Branch” for a vocal quartet with ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
"Three palm trees" - a poem by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, studied by schoolchildren in literature in the 6th grade. It describes the life story of three proud palms. Check out our analysis option “Three palm trees” according to the plan.
An excerpt from the poem "Three Palms" by M. Yu. Lermontov
In the sandy steppes of the Arabian land
Three proud palm trees grew high.
A spring between them from barren soil,
Murmuring, breaking through a cold wave,
Stored, under the shade of green leaves,
From sultry rays and flying sands.
And many years silently passed;
But a tired wanderer from a foreign land
Burning chest to the cold moisture
I have not yet bowed under the green booth,
And they began to dry from the sultry rays
Luxurious leaves and a sonorous stream.
Analysis of the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov
Option 1
The mature period poem "Three Palms" was written in 1838. It was first published in Otechestvennye Zapiski in 1839.
In the poem, which is a ballad by genre, the poet used a number of Pushkin's images from "Imitation of the Koran", the same meter and stanza. However, in terms of meaning, Lermontov's ballad is polemical in relation to Pushkin's poem. The author fills it with philosophical content, putting at the forefront the question of the meaning of human life.
The philosophical meaning of the poem has a clear religious connotation, and the entire poetic parable is saturated with biblical symbolism. The number of palms symbolizes the three components of the human soul: mind, feelings and will. The spring acts as a symbol of the spirit that connects a person with the source of life - God. The oasis symbolizes paradise; it is no coincidence that the poet places the action of the ballad in the "steppes of the Arabian land": it was there, according to legend, that the Garden of Eden was located.
The epithet "proud" in relation to palm trees symbolizes human pride and the presence of original sin. The "dark hands" and "black eyes" of the Arabs, chaos and disorder ("discordant sounds", "with a cry and whistle", "exploding the sand") indicate an evil spirit. The complete rupture of the human soul with God and its possession by unclean power is expressed by the line: "Jugs sounded filled with water."
The soul of a person is killed by the "axe" of the Moors, and the caravan follows the next victim to the west, the direction opposite to the place of God's stay. Revealing the meaning of human life, Lermontov calls to be more attentive to his soul. Pride and rejection of humility, acceptance of what is predetermined by God can lead to tragic consequences - the destruction of both the soul and the body.
In the poem, Lermontov also raises the problem of the relationship between man and nature: people do not appreciate what nature gives them. They seek to destroy it for the sake of momentary desires or profit, without thinking about the consequences. Condemning people for their consumerist attitude to the world around them, the poet warns that defenseless nature can still take revenge on offenders, and this revenge will be as ruthless and cruel as the actions of people who imagine themselves to be kings of nature.
The poem has a ring composition based on the reception of the antithesis of life and death in the first and last stanzas. The first stanza vividly paints an idyllic picture of a magical oasis in the vast desert. In the last stanza, the oasis turns into "gray and cold" ashes, the stream carries hot sand, and the desert again becomes lifeless, promising the travelers inevitable death. With the help of such an organization of the poem, Lermontov emphasizes the whole tragedy of a person in a catastrophic situation.
Narrative in nature, the work has a clear storyline. The main characters of the poem are "three proud palms". Not wanting to live “without benefit” and dissatisfied with their fate, they begin to grumble at the Creator: “Your holy sentence is not right, oh heaven!” God heard their displeasure, and miraculously a rich caravan appeared near the palm trees. Its inhabitants quenched their thirst with "icy water" from the stream, rested in the fertile shade of friendly palm trees, and in the evening cut down trees without regret: "The ax pounded on the elastic roots, / And pets of centuries fell without life!". Proud palms were punished for not being content with their lot, but for daring to "murmur against God."
The ballad consists of 10 six-line stanzas, written in four-foot amphibrach, three-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable. The poem is distinguished by an acute conflict of the plot, a clear composition, rhythmic organization of the verse, lyrical richness and vivid imagery. Lermontov unusually widely uses a variety of expressive means: epithets (sonorous stream, luxurious leaves, proud palm trees, barren soil, terry dome), metaphors (sand spun like a pillar, flaming chest), comparisons (people - "little children", the caravan "went, swaying like a shuttle in the sea"), personifications (a spring made its way, leaves whisper with a thundering stream, palm trees greet unexpected guests). Personifications allow us to see in the images of “proud palm trees” people who are dissatisfied with their lives. When describing the felling of palms, the alliteration of the sound "r" is used.
In the poem "Three Palms" Lermontov managed to combine the vivid transmission of the beauty of oriental nature in all its colors and the most important philosophical questions that have been of concern to more than one generation.
Option 2
Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Three Palms" was written in 1838 and is a poetic parable with a deep philosophical meaning. The main characters of the story are three palm trees in the Arabian desert, where no human foot has yet set foot. A cold stream flowing among the sands turned the lifeless world into a magical oasis, "kept, under the shade of green leaves, from sultry rays and flying sands."
The idyllic picture drawn by the poet has one significant flaw, which is that this piece of paradise is inaccessible to living beings. Therefore, proud palm trees turn to the Creator with a request that he help them fulfill their destiny - to become a refuge for a lonely traveler lost in a gloomy desert. From the words are heard, and soon a caravan of traders appears on the horizon, who are indifferent to the beauties of the green oasis.
They do not care about the hopes and dreams of proud palm trees, which will soon be destined to die under blows of axes and become fuel for the fires of cruel guests. As a result, the blooming oasis turns into a pile of "gray ashes", the stream, having lost the protection of green palm leaves, dries up, and the desert takes on its original appearance, gloomy, lifeless and promising inevitable death to any traveler.
In the poem "Three Palm Trees" Mikhail Lermontov touches upon several topical issues at once. The first of these concerns the relationship between man and nature. The poet notes that people are cruel by nature and rarely appreciate what the world around them gives them.
Moreover, they are inclined to destroy this fragile planet for their own benefit or a momentary whim, not thinking that nature, not endowed with the ability to defend itself, still knows how to take revenge on its offenders. And this revenge is no less cruel and ruthless than the actions of people who believe that the whole world belongs only to them.
The philosophical meaning of the poem "Three Palms" is of a pronounced religious nature and is based on the biblical idea of the processes of the universe. Mikhail Lermontov is convinced that you can ask God for anything. However, will the petitioner be happy with what he gets? After all, if life goes on as usual, as it is destined from above, then there are reasons for this. An attempt to refuse humility and acceptance of what is determined by fate can lead to fatal consequences. And the theme of pride that the poet raises is close not only to him, but also to his generation - reckless, cruel and not aware that a person is just a puppet in someone's hands, and not a puppeteer.
The parallel that Mikhail Lermontov draws between the life of palm trees and people is obvious. Trying to fulfill our dreams and desires, each of us strives to speed up events and achieve the intended goal as soon as possible. However, few people think about the fact that the end result can bring not satisfaction, but deep disappointment, since the goal often turns out to be mythical and does not meet expectations at all.
In turn, disappointment, which in the biblical interpretation is called despondency, is one of the greatest human sins, as it leads to self-destruction of both the soul and the body. This is a high price to pay for the pride and self-confidence that most people suffer from. Realizing this, Mikhail Lermontov tries, with the help of a parable poem, not only to understand the motives of his own actions, but also to protect others from the desire to get what is not intended for them. After all, dreams tend to come true, which often turns into a real disaster for those who put their desires much higher than their capabilities.
Option 3
Lermontov presents his poem Three Palms as an oriental legend. Accordingly, here the reader expects to see some oriental wisdom that could make it possible to understand something about the universe. Three palm trees grow in the space of the desert, they cover the waters of the spring and this is the symbiosis between the desert trees and the spring.
Once the palm trees are impatient to show their own beauty to someone, they want someone to look at them, enjoy this amazing oasis and now they get a caravan that comes to stop under the canopy of the trees. Only people are indifferent to this beauty, they pursue completely utilitarian goals, that is, to drink water, relax a bit and not freeze. Therefore, when the dark period of the day comes, the palm trees become fuel for the fire and disappear.
The author describes people's indifference to beauty and the difference between expectations and reality. Palm trees wanted others to share their beauty with them, but they forgot where they are now - in a ruthless desert where people need to survive and all beauty lies only in this. The desert does not imply a contemplative mood only for wise hermits and ascetics who are able to endure any hardships, subjugate nature and their own bodies.
From the intention to give someone beauty and joy, only a vanished oasis remains. Palms don't understand what need others might actually feel. Therefore, they are destroyed.
Lermontov also speaks in this poem about the destruction of beauty in general. Sometimes something magnificent can exist only in itself, apart from the world, perhaps such particles of beauty are created in order to be oases in the desert of this world and it would be better for no one to see this beauty at all. After all, people, in fact, and for the most part, are destructive, they destroy the space where they come, the most common way of transformation involves severe practicality.
A very sad poem that encourages lengthy reasoning. I would like to comprehend the balance of beauty and practicality. Understand what the original benefits of palm trees really were.
See also: The novel was written in 1856. For the reader's diary, we recommend reading the summary of "Madame Bovary" in chapters and parts. Despite the rather simple plot, the book is rightfully considered one of the masterpieces of world literature. Its main value is deep psychologism, expressed in subtle details and a special form of presentation of the plot.
Brief analysis of the verse "Three palm trees"
Option 1
In the poem "Three Palm Trees" (1839), Lermontov comes to a philosophical generalization about the meaning of life and the essence of man. To achieve his goal, the poet chooses the genre of a parable, an oriental legend. The poem is plot-driven: “three proud palm trees” grow in the desert, which are not satisfied with their existence and challenge God: the theomachic motive: Your holy sentence is not right, oh heaven ...
God sends them what they have been waiting for: a human caravan. Palm trees sought to understand the meaning of their existence, and at the cost of their death, palm trees served people. But are people worthy of such self-sacrifice: the oasis perished, life itself perished in the desert. Man is cruel to life, to nature. The pessimistic view of the poet is reflected here: people are unworthy of such a sacrifice, they did not understand it. B.T. Udodov defined the main idea of the work as follows: “Three proud palm trees personify not only the beauty of nature.
This is a symbol of young beings, full of vitality and good impulses, eager to serve people, to benefit humanity. After years of tedious waiting, happiness seemed to smile at them. But the final outcome turns out to be all the more tragic - an unexpected death, death instead of gratitude for the good deed, for selfless dedication.
Option 2
Reading a poem by M. Yu. Lermontov "Three palm trees", you involuntarily think: have I brought much benefit to the world, or maybe I belong to people who want to bask at the fire of someone else's misfortune? The action takes place against the backdrop of beautiful oriental nature.
In the sandy steppes of the Arabian land
Three proud palm trees grew high, -
the poet writes. And we immediately imagine sprawling tall beauties who cherish under the "green booth", giving rest and coolness, a ribbon of a stream with cold water. For many years, a cold spring murmured, and luxurious foliage waited under its shadow for a weary traveler.
But no one came to the palm trees and did not lean towards the life-giving stream, in vain they waited for the wanderer, who, tired of the heat, would stop to rest in the shade of the trees, gratefully clinging to the "icy moisture" of the spring. “Is that what we were born for, to wither here? ”- palm trees turn to God, dissatisfied with their unfair fate. And what awaits them in return? The sky heard the prayer: a long-awaited caravan appeared in the distance.
The travelers settled down to rest in the shade of the trees, filled the jugs with water from the spring. It would seem that the long years of waiting were finally justified. But, as soon as evening fell, cruel people cut down the trees to the root. The children tore off the green foliage, the palm trees themselves were mercilessly cut down, "and slowly burned them until morning with fire." And in the morning the caravan calmly continued on its way, leaving behind only barren soil. And what do we see now? Instead of a green canopy of leaves, "now everything is wild and empty around." There is no one to whisper to the spring. It no longer flows, as before, murmuring with a cold wave.
In vain does he ask the prophet for a shadow -
It is only the hot sand that brings it ...
So senselessly proud palm trees died, which saw the meaning of their whole life in pleasing the eye, giving moisture and coolness in the midst of a sultry sandy desert. The beauty that existed in these parts for many years was destroyed in an instant. Did these people think about what they left behind? Such cruelty of people is unforgivable!
The poem "Three Palm Trees" surprises with its brilliance and power. It also made a great impression on the outstanding Russian critic V. G. Belinsky. “What imagery! - so you see everything in front of you, and once you see it, you will never forget it! A marvelous picture - everything shines with the brightness of oriental colors! What picturesqueness, musicality, strength and strength in every verse.
Option 3
This work was born in 1838 and belongs to the ballad genre. As you know, ballads usually contained a special philosophical meaning. The main characters are three palm trees, they are located in the Arabian desert, where a person has never been before. A stream surrounds them, which brought magic to the life of the environment, saved all life from the scorching sun.
This poem has several themes. One of them is the interaction between man and nature. Lermontov clearly noted the fact that people often do not appreciate what is around and spoil the beauty with their neglectful attitude. The philosophy of the three palm trees is religious in nature, based on the biblical idea of the ongoing processes of the universe.
Lermontov is sure that God can give everything you ask. But the other side is the question of whether a person will be happy with what he will receive. Therefore, it is also possible to single out the theme of pride in the poem, because this quality haunts many.
This ballad contains 10 stanzas, six lines each, written in four-foot amphibrach. Separately, one can single out the acute conflict of the plot, a clear composition, saturation and vivid images. Many epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications were used.
This is interesting: In the landscape lyrics of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin there are many wonderful works. - one of them. It refers to the late period of the poet's work, when he began to move away from romantic traditions and principles. But this poem is still entirely sustained in the spirit of Russian romanticism. It is often confused with, but these are completely different works.
Analysis according to the plan of the poem "Three Palm Trees"
Option 1
The poem "Three Palm Trees", full of philosophical reflections on the meaning of human life and the frailty of all living things, was written by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov in 1838. This poetic work has the appearance of an oriental parable, which has a deep philosophical meaning, there are no main lyrical characters here, under the talented hand of the master of the poetic word, nature itself comes to life, which has feelings and thinks like a real person.
Lermontov, who loved nature very much and was in awe of its beauty and grandeur, in this work wanted to reach people's hearts, show them the value of the natural world around us, call on everyone to appreciate its benefits, to be kinder and more responsive to our smaller brothers.
The main theme of the poem
The poetic narrative begins with a description of representatives of the local flora growing in the desert oasis of Ancient Arabia - three sister palms. They have been growing there for a very long time and, thanks to the refreshing, cold stream flowing between them, which maintains life in the entire oasis, they are full of strength and vitality, but they are infinitely unhappy, because they consider themselves absolutely useless and lonely.
In a fit of despair and a desire to be useful to someone, palm trees ask God for help in fulfilling their destiny on this earth. On the same day, a trading caravan comes to the oasis, palm trees affably wave to people with their wide, emerald leaves and rejoice that their prayers have been heard. But everything ends very sadly: the merchants, having drawn water from the stream and cut down palm trees for firewood, leave behind a complete rout. An oasis from a blooming corner of paradise turns into a scorched desert with a thin ribbon of a still-living stream, gradually drying up under the hot sun without the protection of green vegetation.
In his work, Lermontov wanted to show people that their cruelty, heartlessness and eternal concern for their own benefit are detrimental to Mother Nature, who gives her children the best gifts for free, receiving only chaos and destruction in return. Going on about his momentary desires, a person, without thinking about the future for himself and his descendants, destroys the fragile and tender planet called Earth, which is actually his home.
Animals and plants cannot defend themselves from the destructive influence of man and meekly demolish everything, only the consequences can be the most and terrible for the person himself, who is not yet aware of the full scale of the evil inflicted on him, which can become the real revenge of the desecrated mother nature. The author encourages people to think about their behavior and radically change their attitude to the environment, carefully use its gifts, live with it in peace, harmony and harmony.
In addition to the relationship between man and nature, this work contains a deep philosophical meaning; here the author touches upon very serious questions that have been troubling humanity throughout its existence: Why are we created? What is the purpose of each person? Is it necessary in life, like three palm trees from a poem, to give all of yourself and your talent to other people who can simply take advantage of you, trample on your soul, and then simply throw it out as unnecessary?
Also, the poem "Three Palms" has a religious focus. Lermontov was convinced that every person is endowed with a destiny destined for them from above, and therefore begging for something from the Creator or resisting His will is fraught with fatal consequences that will only bring pain and disappointment to a person.
Palm trees (by the way, three is a mystical number) are prototypes of people who are overcome by the sin of pride, who think that they can decide their own destiny, who, setting themselves some kind of goal, try to achieve it by all means. However, it often happens that in the end, having received what they want, people do not feel either joy or happiness, and the result obtained does not at all justify the expectations placed on it.
In the process of writing a poem, the author himself repents of his sins, rethinks his actions and warns people who seek to get what they are not destined for, from catastrophic mistakes that turn into pain and suffering for them in the future. In his work, the author urges people not to oppose the will of God, not to interfere in the course of events destined for them from above.
Structural analysis of the poem
The genre of the poem "Three Palms" is a lyrical ballad with a clearly traceable storyline, written using a four-foot amphibrach, which gives the story a special oriental melody. Here such literary devices of artistic expressiveness are used as metaphor (“flaming breasts”), epithets (“proud palm trees”, “luxurious leaves”), personification (“palm trees welcome”, “leaves whisper”, tree trunks - “bodies”, leaves are "clothes", palm trees "fell without life").
A well-distinguished ring composition based on the antithesis is observed. The poem begins and ends with a description of the same oasis, only these are two opposite pictures: at the beginning it is a paradise filled with the greenery of palm trees, the life-giving moisture of a small stream, blue skies, golden sand, at the end the colors thicken and darken, the sounds change, the picture of paradise is replaced by the image of a place filled with ashes, pain and sadness.
The genre of oriental parable used for narration gives the work the status of folk wisdom, and the ingenious poetic talent of Mikhail Lermontov conveys to readers serious philosophical reflections on the meaning of life and the relationship between man and the surrounding world, having perfectly described and revived for us the wonderful and exotic nature of the East.
Option 2
History of creation
The work “Three Palms” refers to the mature period of creativity of M. Yu. Lermontov. It was written in 1838, and a year later, in 1839, it was first published in Otechestvennye Zapiski.
In this poem, Lermontov used several images from A. S. Pushkin’s “Imitation of the Koran”, but unlike the work of Alexander Sergeevich, Lermontov made the main question in poetry about the meaning of life and the purpose of man.
Theme of the poem
The whole work of Lermontov is imbued with a deep philosophical meaning, in which Biblical motifs are clearly felt. The image of three palm trees in the poem is an archetype of the three components of the human soul: mind, feelings and will.
The source symbolizes the Holy Spirit, which is the connecting thread between the human soul and God. The place of action where the events of the poem unfold is also not chosen by chance. Palm trees grow in the oasis of the Arabian Desert (“the steppes of the Arabian land”), in which, according to legend, the Garden of Eden - Paradise was located.
Lermontov calls palm trees proud, which symbolizes human pride, indicates the presence of original sin.
The Arabs in the poem, from the ax of which palm trees die, are a symbol of Satan, who severed the connection between man and God.
The main idea of the work: pride and refusal to accept one's destiny are detrimental to the human soul.
Composition
This verse has a ring composition, which is based on the reception of antithesis in the first and last stanzas - life and death. In the first stanza, the poet paints a paradise idyll in an oasis - an island of life in the middle of a dry and dead desert. In the latter, the oasis also dies, turning into "gray and cold" ashes. The sands of the desert, no longer held back by palm trees, advance on the former oasis, they absorb the stream - the source of life. Now, without an oasis, the desert promises only death to rare travelers.
The main characters of the poem are "three proud palms". Palm trees do not want to live "without use". They complain about fate and grumble at God: “Your holy sentence is not right, oh heaven!” And the Creator heard them. Suddenly, a caravan appeared in the desert and stopped at an oasis. Merchants quenched their thirst with “icy water” from the stream, and then, in order not to freeze at night, they cut down palm trees to kindle a fire: “The ax pounded on the elastic roots, / And pets of centuries fell without life!”.
Proud palm trees paid with their lives for being dissatisfied with the fate prepared for them and daring to grumble at God. This is the main problem of the poem - the relationship between God and people who have free will and long for a better life than the one that is destined for them by fate. Also in the poem, Lermontov's personal position is clearly captured. The poet believes that those who yearn to live for others, strive to benefit people, will invariably be trampled, used and cut down to the root by those who care only about their own needs.
Genre
By genre, the poem is a ballad, consisting of 10 stanzas. The ballad was written in two-syllable three-foot amphibrach - a three-foot foot with an accent on the second syllable. Rhyme is a sextine with an adjacent rhyme.
means of expression
In the ballad - a story about the fate of lyrical heroes - palm trees - Lermontov uses a variety of means of expression. The poem has:
epithets (sonorous stream, luxurious leaves, proud palm trees, barren soil, terry head);
(sand spun in a column, flaming chest);
comparisons (people are “small children”, the caravan “walked, swaying like a shuttle in the sea”;
personifications (a spring made its way, leaves whisper with a thundering stream, palm trees greet unexpected guests).
When describing the felling of palms, the alliteration of the sound “r” is used.
Option 3
Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov was born in October 1814. Throughout his life, in his works, he touched on the themes of loneliness, sadness, unrequited love, striving for an ideal, different world. The poem "Three Palm Trees" is no exception: the author opens the reader's eyes to the world, to questions that they do not want to ask out loud.
History of creation
"Three palm trees" M. Yu. Lermontov wrote in 1838. The editors of the then successful journal Otechestvennye Zapiski published the poem a year later, in 1839.
In the poem, the poet uses the same images from the IX "Imitation of the Koran" by A. S. Pushkin, but the idea and essence of his work have a slightly different direction than Pushkin's motives. The author often argued with his ancestor and literary teacher. He referred to the same themes and images, but interpreted them differently, showing the change of orientations in Russian society.
Genre, direction and size
"Three Palms" is a lyrical ballad - it carries a deep philosophical meaning. The poet wrote it in the form of an oriental parable. Notes of romanticism are clearly traced, as the author strives for an impeccable world, for something ideal and remembers God. In addition, he depicts exotic conditions, which is also characteristic of romantic poets. Rebellion and its tragic end is a typical mood for this direction. The author himself indicated the genre of the tale, hinting at the folklore component of his work, because the plot was taken from an oriental legend.
Lermontov used a four-foot amphibrach, so, thanks to him, the author emotionally tuned readers to the oriental mood and tried to display his intonations. Mikhail Yuryevich uses the sextine rhyme with an adjacent rhyme.
Images and symbols
The main characters are palm trees, they have been living for more than one year in an empty, unsociable desert, leading a meek, calm, measured life. They believe that all the time allotted to them by fate was lived in vain, since there was not a single bright event in it, therefore palm trees are angry with God for an unfair attitude towards them. Trees, in their opinion, do not fulfill their purpose - they do not give shelter to travelers.
And God heard their murmuring, sent them a caravan, where there were people, and horses, and camels. The heroines met them with dignity, rejoiced, but their desire, satisfied by the Lord, became the cause of their death. This image symbolizes a person who is always dissatisfied with his fate, always expects more from fate, but, in fact, does not know what he wants. He does not think about the consequences of realizing his dream, he does not know what lies behind the beautiful cover. And evil fate punishes him for it.
The caravan is a symbol of a dream come true, which was just a mirage, a deception, an illusion. Palm trees idealized him, attributed to him meekness and moderation of appetites, but people turned out to be just people: they cut down trees for their needs, not sparing their ancient trunks. So a person imagines God knows what, but in reality everything does not turn out the way he imagined. The dream takes on terrifying forms of reality, where there is no place for illusions.
The kite is a symbol of death, a carrion bird. It completes the picture of the rout that the caravan inflicted.
The stream is a symbol of a calm and peaceful life, which was not appreciated by the trees.
Themes and mood
The poet touches upon several burning themes and problems.
The main theme is the unattainability of the ideal. No matter how much a person wants, his dream will always be just a dream, it cannot be otherwise. When a wish is fulfilled, it ceases to be a wish. At the heart of any ideal is self-deception.
Another main theme is the relationship between man and nature. People are careless and cruel to the world around us, and no matter how much they want to, they will still consider themselves stronger than it, because nature is defenseless - it cannot take revenge, its fury is blind and random.
The author also touches upon the issue of a religious nature. When the palm trees begin to get angry at their life to God, he fulfills their request, and makes it possible to live a bright night: they not only gave shelter to travelers, but also warmed them with their warmth. From this example, we can conclude that there is no need to grumble at higher powers, because their craft is unknown to us, and we do not have omniscience, unlike them.
From this follows the theme of humility, for we must be grateful for what we have.
The basic idea
The poem is a philosophical reflection on the meaning and purpose of human life. The purpose of life and its meaning are unknown to us, they remain a mystery that only higher powers can unravel. The author's idea is that it is not worth complaining about fate, it is necessary to carry your cross with dignity and directly, without calling for God's intervention in this process. Everything is going as it should be, everything is predetermined. Rebellion against fate is doomed, and this is also the main idea of the poem.
The poet also raises the question of how to live life: quietly, calmly, helping people year after year, or brightly, but briefly? The palm trees, which had been murmuring against God for a long time, grew measuredly and meekly, but this did not suit them, and they began to complain about God's injustice towards them. Then God gives them the opportunity to live a bright life: travelers came to them, made fun, palm trees bowed their heads in front of them, and later they were broken and used for a fire. Alas, a rich, interesting fate requires sacrifice from a person, it cannot be otherwise.
Means of artistic expression
M. Yu. Lermontov does not limit himself in the means of artistic expression. So, he uses many epithets and metaphors that give the poem an emotional mood: “sonorous stream”, “luxurious leaves”, “proud palm trees”, “barren soil”, “terry head”; "sand spun like a column", "flaming chest".
Comparisons - people - "small children", the caravan "walked, swaying like a shuttle in the sea." And thanks to personification, the poet does not make it possible to clearly see the lyrical hero, instead of them the reader watches three palm trees dissatisfied with life: “palm trees welcome”, “leaves whisper”, tree trunks are “bodies”, leaves are “clothing”, palm trees “fell without life."
In the famous poem by Mikhail Lermontov “Three Palms”, green beauties unsuccessfully wait for travelers to rest in the shade of their branches. The icy stream of spring water murmurs among the desert near the palm trees. And those who so dream of giving rest and coolness to tired travelers continue to be tormented by loneliness. Nobody stops under the palm trees.
And then the palm trees turned to God with flour: ". The sky showed interest, the request turned into a caravan. The travelers settled down under the sprawling trees, began to fill the jugs with clean water from the source. It seems that there she is, an idyll, a beautiful picture of happiness and tranquility. But at night, heartless travelers, having rested, cut down palm trees to the root. They burned out in a merciless flame.
Only a spring on barren soil remained. Now there is no one to cover it from drying up, and it is no longer so full-flowing and cool. And the proud palm trees, which so wanted to please people with a shadow, fell for nothing.
The poet calls to hate human cruelty and senseless aggression. The miniature, of course, has an allegorical sound. And palm trees are the prototypes of those who fell in the struggle for a brighter tomorrow and human values. The poem, thanks to its wise conclusion, resembles a small philosophical poem that can be read and re-read and find new accents for reflection...
Picture or drawing Three palm trees
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"Three Palms" "THREE PALMS", ballad L. (1839), the themes and images of a cut - defeated beauty, disastrous contact with the "other" world, etc. - are included in the system of L.'s late ballad creativity. land” (the convention is stipulated by the subtitle “Eastern legend”). With a stylized geographical and ethnographic the accuracy of the ballad of the event is given here outside of time coordinates. A number of images of "Three Palms" is continued in the ballad "Dispute" (1840). A force that threatens to conquer the Caucasus. mountains and distort their beauty, is drawn in the "Dispute" historically specifically, this is Russian. troops led by political expediency; but this force also approaches the "heroes" of the ballad in the form of a motley procession, similar to the procession of the caravan in "Three Palms". There are text matches up to dep. words: “The ax rattled on the elastic roots” and “In the depths of your gorges / The ax will rattle,” predicts Kazbek Shat-mountain. In both ballads there is a motive of "careless", although at the same time utilitarian, pragmatic. relationship of man to nature. However, both ballads have in mind the tragic. the clash of their "heroes" with the laws of being, hidden from their spiritual gaze, beyond their understanding (hence the providentially unjustified murmur of palm trees against God). "Three palm trees" lie in the sphere of art. L.'s meditations on beauty and death. In the ballad "Tamara" the image of beauty that kills is given, in "Three palm trees" - beauty that is killed: "Their bodies were chopped up later, / And they slowly burned them until morning with fire"; folklore studies. a variant of the same idea is the ballad "Sea Princess". The destruction of beauty in The Dispute is a forced, natural consequence of progress; in “Three Palms” it is more complicated: destruction is a consequence of the desire of beauty, as it were, to surpass itself, to unite with usefulness. L. does not reject the possibility of such a pairing, but anxiously reflects on its unforeseeable consequences. In the ballad, Lermont was refracted in a new way. the motive of thirst for action (cf. Action and feat in Art. Motives): inactive being is drawn by the poet as fruitless and disastrous for the palms themselves: “And they began to dry from the sultry rays / Luxurious leaves and a sonorous stream.” But unlike other verses, where guilt for impracticability or tragic. consequences to.-l. “accomplishments” were assigned to the world hostile to the hero, here the victim herself shares the guilt in her death along with the human world alien to her: allegorical. ballad atmosphere verse. allows for various interpretations: the procession of the caravan is conveyed as a natural, spontaneous movement; but it can also be read as a fatal answer to the murmur of the three palms; the artistic solution of this philosophical theme is embodied by Lermontov in the antithesis of "sound" - "silence". According to the main plot motif (murmur of palm trees against God), verse (4-foot amphibrach), stanza (six-line type aaBBss) and Lermont's oriental coloring. the ballad correlates with the IX "Imitation of the Koran" by A. S. Pushkin, as pointed out by N. F. Sumtsov (A. S. Pushkin, Kharkov, 1900, pp. 164-74). This connection is polemical. character. Verse. Pushkin is optimistic, it captures the legend of a miracle that happened in the desert; the weary traveler plunges into a mortal sleep, but he wakes up, and a renewed world awakens with him: “And then a miracle happened in the desert: / The past was revived in new beauty; / The palm-tree shady head again trembles; / Again the well is filled with coolness and haze. L. contrasts the miraculous revival in Pushkin with devastation: “/ / In vain does he ask the prophet for a shadow - / Only hot sand brings him in.” An earlier source of verse. and Pushkin, and L. - “Song of an Arab over the grave of a horse” by V. A. Zhukovsky (1810). Just like "Three palm trees" L. and verse IX. "Imitations of the Koran" by Pushkin, "Song" written in 4-foot amphibrach; The action takes place in the desert. An Arab, mourning a horse killed in battle, believes that he and his horse friend will meet after death. Main motives-realities of all three verses. identical: an Arab - a desert - a cool shadow - a horse (in Pushkin, it is reduced - "donkey"). But, arguing with Pushkin, L. at the same time offends Zhukovsky's "Song ...". Arab in verse. Zhukovsky does evil, and the death of a horse can be regarded as retribution for the perfect murder of an enemy. The Arab does even more evil in Three Palms, but, unlike the hero Zhukovsky, he does not receive retribution: the careless Arab and his horse are full of life: “And, tilting the lean body to the bow, / The Arab hot the black horse.” Thus, “Three palm trees” (if we consider the verse. L. in “reverse perspective, as a product. single lit. process in Russian. Lit-re 1st floor. 19th century), contrary to chronology, turn out to be a kind of "preface" to Zhukovsky's "Song ...": the events of "Three Palms" seem to precede the tragedy that befell his hero. In 1826 in the journal. "Slav" (No. 11) appeared verse. P. Kudryashov "Arab in love". The Arab admires his horse: “He rushed, he raced, he flew like a whirlwind ... / The sand rose behind the flying mountain!” ... “I raced against the enraged enemies. / A blow of an ax and a blow of a mace / They fell like a deadly thunderstorm on the heads! But the Arab saw the beautiful girl and forgot about the horse: “Like a young palm tree, so the maiden is slender; / She captivates with magical beauty. Kudryashov's orientation towards Zhukovsky is undeniable. He is imitative and does not pretend to be independent. However, the possibility is not ruled out that his verse. echoed in the ballad of L., who had the exception. lit. memory: a number of speech turns and motives of the ballad (a blow of an ax, the image of a young and slender palm tree, etc.) are closest to the motives of the verse. P. Kudryashov. Thus, L. completes the prevailing in Russian. lyric cycle conditionally orientalistic. poems, at the origins of which is Zhukovsky. “Three palm trees” is the last word in an almost 30-year-old poetic. competition, in which both the classics and the amateur poet participated. Such a desire to complete a certain line of development of poetry for L. characteristic. The ballad was highly appreciated by V. G. Belinsky: “The plasticity and relief of images, the convexity of forms and the bright brilliance of oriental colors - merge poetry with painting in this play” (IV, 534).
Caravan. ill. V. D. Polenova. Black watercolor. 1891.
Verse. illustrated by more than 20 artists, incl. P. Bunin, M. A. Zichy, V. M. Konashevich, A. I. Konstantinovsky, D. I. Mitrokhin, A. A. Oya, V. D. Polenov, I. E. Repin, V. Ya. Surenyants, M. Ya. Chambers-Bilibina, A. G. Yakimchenko. Set to music by P. A. Manykin-Nevstruev, V. M. Ivanov-Korsunsky; A. A. Spendiarov owns a symphony. painting "Three palm trees". To the music Spendiarova M. M. Fokin staged the ballet The Seven Daughters of the Mountain King (1913), which was based on the idea of verse. L. Autograph unknown. For the first time - "OZ", 1839, No. 8, dep. III, p. 168-170; dated 1839 (1st half) according to L.'s "Poems" (1840).Lit.: Belinsky, vol. 4, p. 534-35; Chernyshevsky, vol. 3, p. 110; Shevyrev, With. 532; Maikov W., critical. experiments, St. Petersburg, 1891, p. 257-58; Neumann(1), p. 107-09; Distiller G. O. Criticism of poetic. text, M., 1927, p. 81-82; Veltman S., East in art. literature, M. - L., 1928, p. 148-49; Zdobnov, With. 267; From the notebook, "Lit. critic", 1939, book. 1, p. 187-88; Neustadt, With. 198; Good(1), p. 412-13; Eichenbaum(7), p. 69 [same, see Eichenbaum(12), p. 112-13]; Peisakhovich(1), p. 455-56; Fedorov(2), p. 121-22; Odintsov G. F., Faris in “Three Palms” M. Yu. L., “Rus. speech”, 1969, No. 6, p. 94-96; Korovin(4), p. 94-96; Udodov(2), p. 197-99; Chicherin(1), p. 413; Maymin, With. 132-33; Nazirov R. G., Reminiscence and paraphrase in "Crime and Punishment", in the book: Dostoevsky. Materials and research, vol. 2, L., 1976, p. 94-95; Naiditsch E. E., Selected by the poet himself (On the collection of poems. L. 1840), "RL", 1976, No. 3, p. 68-69; Potebnya A. A., From lectures on the theory of literature, in his book: Aesthetics and poetics, M., 1976, p. 550-52; Zhizina A. D., Poem. M. Yu. L. “Three Palms”, “Rus. speech”, 1978, No. 5.
V. N. Turbin Lermontov Encyclopedia / USSR Academy of Sciences. In-t rus. lit. (Pushkin. House); Scientific-ed. Council of the publishing house "Sov. Enzikl."; Ch. ed. Manuilov V. A., Editorial staff: Andronikov I. L., Bazanov V. G., Bushmin A. S., Vatsuro V. E., Zhdanov V. V., Khrapchenko M. B. - M .: Sov. Encycl., 1981
See what "Three Palms" is in other dictionaries:
"Three Palms"- THREE PALMS, about one-act ballet to music. A. A. Spendiarova, scene. and ballet. E. Ya. Changa. November 29, 1964, Treasury im. Spendiarova, art. M. Avetisyan, conductor A. M. Voskanyan; Three palm trees J. A. Kalantyan, A. G. Marikyan, L. I. Mityai, Stream V. Sh.… … Ballet. Encyclopedia
TRANSLATIONS AND STUDIES OF LERMONTOV IN THE LITERATURES OF THE PEOPLES OF THE USSR. The connections of L.'s creativity with the liters of the peoples of the USSR are numerous and diverse, they were implemented in different ways and carried out in individual liters, arose at different times depending on ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
MUSIC and Lermontov. Music in the life and work of L. The first muses. L. owes his impressions to his mother. In 1830 he wrote: “When I was three years old, there was a song that made me cry; I can’t remember her now, but I’m sure that if I had heard her, she would ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
TRANSLATIONS AND STUDIES OF LERMONTOV ABROAD. The degree of L.'s fame in a given country largely depends on the intensity of that country's cultural ties with Russia in the past, and then with the USSR. His poems and prose gained the greatest popularity in ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
RUSSIAN LAKES and Lermontov's heritage. Creativity L. found an interpretation of preim. in one of the types arts and crafts in painting miniatures made on papier-mâché items (coated with black lacquer) by masters of plank beds. artistic crafts ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
ILLUSTRATION OF THE WORKS OF Lermontov. During the life of the poet, his work. not illustrated. The exception is 3 auth. illustrations preserved in manuscripts: frontispiece to the poem "Prisoner of the Caucasus" (gouache, 1828), cover of the poem "Circassians" (pen, ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
Russian composer (born in 1871), student of N. Klenovsky and Rimsky Korsakov. His main works: a quartet on Pushkin's words "The Bird of God", a minuet "Berceuse", a concert overture for an orchestra, a quartet on words ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia
- (1871 1928), owls. composer and conductor. In 1895 he wrote a romance on the verses of L .: “They loved each other” (included in his collection: Four romances for voice with accompaniment by the piano, St. Petersburg, 1899), in 1901 the romance “Palestine Branch” for a vocal quartet with ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
The poem "Three Palms".
Perception, interpretation, evaluation
The poem "Three Palms" was written by M.Yu. Lermontov in 1839. In the same year it was published in the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski. Thematically, the work is connected with such poems as “Song of an Arab over the grave of a horse” by V.A. Zhukovsky, "Imitation of the Quran" by A.S. Pushkin. However, Lermontov's work is to a certain extent polemical in relation to the works of his predecessors.
We can attribute the poem to philosophical lyrics, with landscape elements. His style is romantic, the genre is indicated by the author himself in the subtitle - "oriental legend". The researchers also noted the features of the ballad genre in this work - the dramatic nature of the plot with a general laconic style, the small volume of the poem, the presence of a landscape in the beginning and ending, the lyricism and musicality of the work, the presence of the tragically insoluble.
Compositionally, we can distinguish three parts in the poem. The first part is a beginning, a description of a wonderful oasis in the desert: “three proud palm trees” with luxurious, juicy leaves, a cold stream. The second part includes the plot, plot development, climax and denouement. The “proud palm trees” are dissatisfied with their fate, they began to grumble against God and their own fate:
“Is that what we were born for, to wither here?
No one's benevolent, not pleasing to the eye? ..
However, according to the poet, it is impossible to grumble at fate. The palm trees got what their soul craved so much: a “jolly” caravan came to them. Nature appears here as kind and hospitable towards people:
And the cold stream generously waters them.
People turn out to be cruel and heartless in relation to the "pets of the centuries." Not noticing the beauty of powerful, strong trees, they demonstrate their utilitarian, pragmatic attitude towards nature:
Their clothes were torn off by small children,
Their bodies were then chopped up,
And slowly burned them until the morning with fire.
The poet here perceives nature as a living being. The picture of the death of palm trees is terrible, terrible. The world of nature and the world of civilization are tragically opposed by Lermontov. The third part of the poem contrasts sharply with the first:
And now everything is wild and empty around -
Leaves with a rattling key do not whisper:
In vain does he ask the prophet for a shadow - Only the hot sand brings him in. Yes, the crested kite, the unsociable steppe,
At the end of the poem, we again return to the place where the “three proud palm trees” grew, where the same icy spring beats. Thus, we have a ring composition, the first and third parts of which are antithetic.
The poem has a variety of interpretations in literary criticism. It is generally accepted to analyze the work as an allegorical philosophical parable, the meaning of which is the retribution of a person for grumbling against God, against his own destiny. The price of this pride, according to Lermontov, is one's own soul.
Another interpretation connects the image of three beautiful palm trees with the motif of ruined beauty. The same theme is present in M.Yu. Lermontov in the poem "Dispute", in the ballad "Sea Princess". According to the poet, the beauty in "Three Palms" is ruined precisely because it sought to unite with the benefit. However, this is basically impossible, unattainable.
The researchers also noted the religious and Christian symbolism of this poem. So, the serene, idyllic landscape at the beginning of the poem reminds us of the Garden of Eden (according to legend, it was located on the site of the Arabian desert). The murmuring of palm trees at their own fate is nothing but sin. The retribution for sin is chaos brought into the world of peace and harmony. The contact of three beautiful palm trees with people is the penetration of evil spirits, demons into the inner world of a person, which ends with the death of his soul.
The poem is written in four-foot amphibrach. The poet uses various means of artistic expression: epithets (“three proud palm trees”, “luxurious leaves”, “sonorous stream”), personification (“The palm trees of unexpected guests greet”), anaphora and comparison (“And the horse reared up at times, And jumped like a leopard struck by an arrow,
The personality of Mikhail Lermontov is mysterious, and his work is so deep and meaningful that it seems as if these works were created by a very mature person, wise over the years.
At the time when M. Yu. Lermontov wrote "Three Palm Trees", he was only twenty-four years old. But this work is not only a brilliant example of landscape lyrics, here the poet shows himself as a wonderful narrator and thinker. Let's try to prove this by using the methods of literary analysis applicable to the poem and retelling its summary.
"Three Palms"
Lermontov thought hard about the main issues of human life, about the strength of passions and the power of the spirit. With his bright dynamic narrative, whether it be lyrics or prose, the poet drew the reader into the orbit of his thoughts. That is why we do not remain indifferent to his heroes and events described in the works of the master. This fully applies to the poem, which is sometimes called the Three Palms ballad.
What is the subtext?
What and who are three palm trees in the ballad of the same name, created by M. Yu. Lermontov? Of course, these are not just three slender trees growing in the middle of the desert. They are both the personification of human suffering and quest, and an allegory of a rebellious spirit, and a symbol of the tragic contradictions of this world. The work is multi-layered. Removing layer by layer, we will come to the innermost idea of the author.
He placed in his "oriental legend" in an oasis, where a spring breaks out of the earth. The first stanza of the ballad is dedicated to this landscape sketch. In this tiny living world in the middle of a barren and sultry desert, there is a kind of idyll built on harmony: a spring nourishes and refreshes the roots of three trees ascending to the sky, and dense foliage, in turn, shelters a weak source from the scorching sun and hot wind. Years go by and nothing changes. Suddenly, the palm trees begin to grumble, express dissatisfaction with the fact that their life is supposed to be worthless and boring. Immediately, a many-voiced caravan appears in the distance, people with shouts and laughter approach the oasis, having reached it, they shamelessly use all the benefits that nature has in store for them: they are saturated with water, they chop down palm trees to make a fire, and at dawn they leave the place, continuing their journey . Then the wind will scatter the ashes of the burnt palms, and the unprotected spring will dry up under the unbearably hot sun. This is the summary.
Three palm trees as a symbol of rebellion against the Divine will
It is no coincidence that from the first lines Lermontov assigns them the epithet "proud". From a biblical point of view, pride, pride is a grave vice and sin. Indeed, palm trees were not satisfied with the good fate that God determined for them, they were indignant: there is no one who could appreciate their beauty and grandeur, therefore, life is wasted! God directed events along a different path, which turned into death for the palms. The tragedy of the situation does not hide even the retelling of the ballad, which fits into a summary. Lermontov likened to a three-part human being, consisting of a body, soul and spirit, in which all three parts rebelled, and therefore there was not even a trace left of the oasis (the prototype of a harmonious person), and only an unsociable kite sometimes kills and torments its prey in the place where was meant to celebrate life.
Ecological pathos of the poem "Three palm trees"
The main characters of the work found themselves in fatal opposition: the trees hospitably received their guests, intending not only to show off, but also to bestow what they have. The oasis gave people rest, freshness, moisture, shelter in the wild desert. But evening came, people froze and chopped palm trees for firewood to keep warm. They acted naturally, but ungratefully and thoughtlessly, they destroyed what should have been saved. This question is relevant not only because today people often do the same. The ecological problem is closely connected with the moral problem. The barbaric actions of the caravaners are an indirect consequence of the murmuring of palm trees before God: the poet shows what happens when absurd self-will violates the original order of things.
Artistic techniques
The plot of the ballad is very dynamic, it intrigues the reader like an entertaining story. “Three Palms” is generally a very elegant poetic work in terms of form. Let's pay attention to what epithets the author chooses to emphasize the conflict of the ballad. Tall palm trees appear before us in the luxury of thick juicy leaves, the stream is sonorous, cool and generous, and the merry caravan is full of colorful clothes, packs, tents, eyes shining. The author skillfully creates a tension of anxiety as travelers approach the oasis, where they will be graciously greeted by three palm trees. An analysis of the speech structure of the verse emphasizes this feeling; the description of the caravan is dominated by verbs and nouns. The sand "spun in a column", the floors of the tents "hung, dangling", the Arab "hot" the horse, which "raised on its hind legs and jumped like a leopard", the folds of clothes "curled in disorder", and the young man "with a cry and whistle" threw and caught flying spear. The peace and tranquility of the paradise is hopelessly destroyed.
Murder story
Using personification, Lermontov turns the sketch of the travelers' camp into such a dramatic story about feelings and death that the heart shrinks. Palm trees from the very beginning appear before us as living beings. They, like people, grumble, fall silent, then greet the newcomers favorably, nodding their “terry heads”, and when axes pounded on their roots, they fall without life. The author likens the trunks to chopped bodies subjected to the torture of slow burning, and the leaves to clothes that were torn off and taken away by small children. After that, a lifeless and static picture of death and desolation appears before us.
Sound writing of the verse
Alliterations and intonational accents strike with accuracy. Pauses, questions, exclamations, embarrassment and reflection, conveyed by ellipsis, allow you to see and hear what is happening, to experience it emotionally. Abundance is consistent with the story of the serene life of palm trees, and the appearance of hissing sounds heralds the invasion of disharmony, which is about to come. The poem is written in three-foot amphibrach, which according to the regularity corresponds to the genre declared by the author - “oriental legend” or, in other words, a parable.
Finally
These are some of the strokes of the analysis of this work, the main conclusions and a summary. "Three palm trees" Lermontov, no doubt, dedicated to his favorite theme of loneliness and dissatisfaction of the soul, longing for something more significant that surrounds it in everyday life. That is why a vivid feeling is born in our heart that the author does not agree with God's judgment, although he understands its regularity and justice.
This work was born in 1838 and belongs to the ballad genre. As you know, ballads usually contained a special philosophical meaning. The main characters are three palm trees, they are located in the Arabian desert, where a person has never been before. A stream surrounds them, which brought magic to the life of the environment, saved all life from the scorching sun.
This poem has several themes. One of them is the interaction between man and nature. Lermontov clearly noted the fact that people often do not appreciate what is around and spoil the beauty with their neglectful attitude. The philosophy of the three palm trees is religious in nature, based on the biblical idea of the ongoing processes of the universe. Lermontov is sure that God can give everything you ask. But the other side is the question of whether a person will be happy with what he will receive. Therefore, it is also possible to single out the theme of pride in the poem, because this quality haunts many.
This ballad contains 10 stanzas, six lines each, written in four-foot amphibrach. Separately, one can single out the acute conflict of the plot, a clear composition, saturation and vivid images. Many epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications were used.
"Analysis of the poem "Three palm trees.""
In all his works, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov encourages people to think, but most often the author expresses his feelings of loneliness and hidden sadness, his attraction to another world, a world of fantasies and dreams. And in the poem "Three Palm Trees" the poet poses to all readers the worried question about the meaning of being.
In the sandy steppes of the Arabian land, among the hot sand and the sultry wind, three palm trees grew. Their wide green leaves kept the spring from sultry rays and flying sands. An oasis in the desert enlivens everything with its appearance. However, it was not in vain that the author used the epithet “proud palm trees” in the first stanza. They began to grumble, rejecting the justice of the Creator, and the Lord at the same time fulfilled their desire, thereby punishing and destroying them. A rich caravan approached the oasis.
And the cold stream generously waters them.
It would seem that palm trees have finally benefited people. However, caravaners have a completely different outlook on life, they care only about their own comfort. Without thinking, people ruthlessly cut down trees, destroyed the oasis in order to spend just one night by the fire. In the morning, people left the oasis, leaving behind only the ashes of palm trees and a stream, which is destined to die from sultry rays and flying sands.
Both sides are guilty in the poem: palm trees and people. Palm trees were too proud, they did not understand that perhaps their main purpose is to keep the source of life in the sandy steppes. The Creator cannot wish evil to his creations, and it is He who gives each his destiny. However, the proud palm trees dared to doubt His justice, they were not content with what they had. Self-will sometimes brings a lot of trouble. Unfortunately, palm trees were not given to comprehend this meaning, just as some people are not given to understand the value of someone else's life.
Many people complain about their fate, cursing everything and everyone, but soon everyone, sooner or later, comes to one thing: everything that is done is for the better.
The image of caravaners is associated with the image of people who do not know how to value someone else's life. Whether it is the life of a person, an animal, a plant, or at least a small insect, any life is priceless, and everyone in this world has its own purpose, which, it would seem, is so unimportant, but in fact it can change a lot.
Lermontov writes that the caravaners cut down the only palm trees in the desert, and their children plucked the greenery from them. Young children, by their nature, do not think about the actions they have committed, they simply "copy" the behavior of adults. After all, for them, adults are smart uncles and aunts who know everything in the world and always do the right thing. And what an example caravan parents set for their children. What are they teaching their kids? This problem has always been one of the most urgent problems as well as at the present time. Such an act of caravan parents suggests that sometimes people are unreasonable, insensitive, selfish and immoral.
In this work, epithets are often found from figurative and expressive means, for example: proud palm trees, flaming breasts, elastic roots, etc. The author uses such colorful epithets in order to add some color and accuracy to the picture of the poem.
Romanticism is well expressed in the poem. This is clearly reflected in the poet's desire for a higher, ideal world, as well as in the fact that the author mentions God. Lermontov is trying to show how low and immoral the real world is.
The work has a rich intonation pattern. There are punctuation marks, pauses, exclamations, questions, hyphens and dots. For example, in the third stanza there is a question mark connected to an ellipsis:
No one's benevolent, pleasing gaze ...
Probably, during this sign of questioning and dots, the palms, having finished their speeches, fall into a little thought, and then, as if a thought illuminates them, they come to the conclusion:
Yours is not right, oh heaven, a holy sentence!
The size of the poem is a two-syllable three-foot amphibrach. Rhyme is a sextine with an adjacent rhyme.
All his life, M. Yu. Lermontov reflected on important life issues, and he tried to express his own thoughts in his lyrics. Three problems can be identified in the poem "Three Palm Trees": the problem of excess pride and self-will, the problem of immorality and the problem of education. The author seems to involve readers in his reflections, revealing to us the most cherished of what lies in the depths of the human soul.
Other writings on this work
M.Yu. Lermontov "Three palm trees": analysis of the poem
Mikhail Lermontov wrote Three Palms in 1838. The work is a poetic parable with a deep philosophical meaning. There are no lyrical heroes here, the poet revived nature itself, endowed it with the ability to think and feel. Mikhail Yuryevich very often wrote poems about the world around him. He loved nature and was kind to her, this work is an attempt to reach the hearts of people and make them be kinder.
Lermontov's poem "Three Palms" tells of three palm trees growing in the Arabian desert. A cold stream flows between the trees, turning the lifeless world into a beautiful oasis, a piece of paradise, which at any time of the day or night is ready to shelter the wanderer and quench his thirst. Everything would be fine, but palm trees are bored alone, they want to be useful to someone, and they grow in a place where no human has set foot. As soon as they turned to God with a request to help them fulfill their destiny, a caravan of merchants appears on the horizon.
Palm trees gladly meet people, nodding their shaggy tops, but the beauty of the surrounding places is indifferent to them. Merchants took full jugs of cold water, and trees were cut down to make a fire. The once blooming oasis turned into a handful of ash overnight, which was soon dispelled by the wind. The caravan left, and only a lonely and defenseless stream remained in the desert, drying up under the hot rays of the sun and carried by flying sand.
"Be careful what you wish for - sometimes it comes true"
Lermontov "Three Palms" wrote to reveal the nature of the relationship between man and nature. People very rarely appreciate what the world around them gives them, they are cruel and heartless, they think only about their own benefit. Guided by a momentary whim, a person, without hesitation, is able to destroy the fragile planet on which he himself lives. An analysis of Lermontov's poem "Three Palm Trees" shows that the author wanted to make people think about their behavior. Nature cannot defend itself, but it is capable of revenge.
From a philosophical point of view, the poem contains religious themes. The poet is convinced that you can ask the Creator for whatever your heart desires, but will the end result satisfy you? Everyone has their own destiny, life goes on as it is destined from above, but if a person refuses to put up with it and begs for something, then such a rush can lead to fatal consequences - this is what Lermontov warns the reader about.
Three palm trees are prototypes of people who are characterized by pride. The heroines do not understand that they are not puppeteers, but only puppets in the hands of others. Often we strive for some cherished goal, we try to speed up events, by all means we try to translate desires into reality. But in the end, the result brings not pleasure, but disappointment, the goal set does not meet expectations at all. Lermontov wrote "Three Palm Trees" to repent of his sins, to understand the motives of his own actions and to warn other people from striving to get what does not belong to them by right. Sometimes dreams do come true, turning not into joyful events, but into disaster.
Analysis of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Three palm trees"
The poem about three palm trees was written in 1838. The main theme of the work is the relationship of man to nature. A person does not appreciate all the blessings of nature, he is indifferent to them and does not think about the consequences. Lermontov did not understand this attitude and tried to change people's attitude to nature through his poems. He called to appreciate nature and protect it.
The poem begins with the story that there are three palm trees in the desert. A stream flows near them, they are an oasis in the middle of the desert. They are in a place where no human foot has set foot. Therefore, they turn to God and complain about their fate. They believe that they are standing in the desert without any purpose, but they could save a lost traveler with their shadow.
Their request was heard, and a caravan came out to the three palm trees. People at first rested under the shade of palm trees and drank icy water, but in the evening they mercilessly cut down trees to kindle a fire. Only ashes remained from the palm trees, and the stream was left without protection from the scorching sun. As a result, the stream dried up, and the desert became lifeless. It was not worth the palms to complain about their fate.
According to the genre, "Three Palms" refers to a ballad written in four-foot amphibrach. The poem has a clear storyline. Lermontov used such artistic means as metaphors (flaming breasts), epithets (luxurious leaves, proud palm trees), personifications (leaves whisper, palm trees greet). With the help of personification, the poet compares palm trees with people. People are always dissatisfied with their lives and ask God to change something. Lermontov makes it clear that not everything we ask for can bring good.
"Three palm trees" M. Lermontov
"Three Palms" Mikhail Lermontov
In the sandy steppes of the Arabian land
Three proud palm trees grew high.
A spring between them from barren soil,
Murmuring, breaking through a cold wave,
Stored, under the shade of green leaves,
From sultry rays and flying sands.
And many years silently passed;
But a tired wanderer from a foreign land
Burning chest to the cold moisture
I have not yet bowed under the green booth,
And they began to dry from the sultry rays
Luxurious leaves and a sonorous stream.
And three palm trees began to grumble at God:
“Is that what we were born for, to wither here?
Without use in the desert we grew and bloomed,
Shaken by the whirlwind and the heat of burning,
No one's benevolent, not pleasing to the eye.
Yours is not right, oh heaven, a holy sentence!
And just fell silent - in the distance blue
The golden sand was spinning like a pillar,
Discordant sounds rang out,
Packs covered with carpets were full of carpets,
And he walked, swaying like a boat in the sea,
Camel after camel, exploding sand.
Dangling, hung between hard humps
Patterned floors of camping tents;
Their swarthy hands sometimes raised,
And black eyes sparkled from there ...
And, leaning towards the bow,
The Arab heated the black horse.
And the horse reared up at times,
And he jumped like a leopard struck by an arrow;
And white clothes beautiful folds
On the shoulders of the Faris curled in disarray;
And with a cry and a whistle rushing across the sand,
He threw and caught a spear at a gallop.
Here a caravan approaches the palm trees, noisily:
In the shadow of their cheerful camp spread out.
Jugs sounding filled with water,
And, proudly nodding with a terry head,
Palm trees welcome unexpected guests,
And the cold stream generously waters them.
But as soon as dusk fell to the ground,
The ax pounded on the elastic roots,
And pets of centuries fell without life!
Their clothes were torn off by small children,
Their bodies were then chopped up,
And slowly burned them with fire until morning.
When the fog rushed to the west,
The caravan made its own way;
And then sad on barren soil
Only gray and cold ashes could be seen;
And the sun burned the dry remnants,
And then they were blown away by the wind in the steppe.
And now everything is wild and empty around -
Leaves with a rattling key do not whisper:
In vain does he ask the prophet for a shadow -
Only hot sand brings it
Yes, the kite is crested, the steppe is unsociable,
Prey torments and pinches over it.
Analysis of Lermontov's poem "Three Palm Trees"
Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Three Palms" was written in 1838 and is a poetic parable with a deep philosophical meaning. The main characters of the story are three palm trees in the Arabian desert, where no human foot has yet set foot. A cold stream flowing among the sands turned the lifeless world into a magical oasis, "kept, under the shade of green leaves, from sultry rays and flying sands."
The idyllic picture drawn by the poet has one significant flaw, which is that this piece of paradise is inaccessible to living beings. Therefore, proud palm trees turn to the Creator with a request that he help them fulfill their destiny - to become a refuge for a lonely traveler lost in a gloomy desert. From the words are heard, and soon a caravan of traders appears on the horizon, who are indifferent to the beauties of the green oasis. They do not care about the hopes and dreams of proud palm trees, which will soon be destined to die under blows of axes and become fuel for the fires of cruel guests. As a result, the blooming oasis turns into a pile of "gray ashes", the stream, having lost the protection of green palm leaves, dries up, and the desert takes on its original appearance, gloomy, lifeless and promising inevitable death to any traveler.
In the poem "Three Palm Trees" Mikhail Lermontov touches upon several topical issues at once. The first of these concerns the relationship between man and nature. The poet notes that people are cruel by nature and rarely appreciate what the world around them gives them. Moreover, they are inclined to destroy this fragile planet for their own benefit or a momentary whim, not thinking that nature, not endowed with the ability to defend itself, still knows how to take revenge on its offenders. And this revenge is no less cruel and ruthless than the actions of people who believe that the whole world belongs only to them.
The philosophical meaning of the poem "Three Palms" is of a pronounced religious nature and is based on the biblical idea of the processes of the universe. Mikhail Lermontov is convinced that you can ask God for anything. However Will the petitioner be happy with what he gets? After all, if life goes on as usual, as it is destined from above, then there are reasons for this. An attempt to refuse humility and acceptance of what is determined by fate can lead to fatal consequences. And the theme of pride that the poet raises is close not only to him, but also to his generation - reckless, cruel and not aware that a person is just a puppet in someone's hands, and not a puppeteer.
The parallel that Mikhail Lermontov draws between the life of palm trees and people is obvious. Trying to fulfill our dreams and desires, each of us strives to speed up events and achieve the intended goal as soon as possible. However, few people think about the fact that the end result can bring not satisfaction, but deep disappointment. since the goal is often mythical and does not live up to expectations at all. In turn, disappointment, which in the biblical interpretation is called despondency, is one of the greatest human sins, as it leads to self-destruction of both the soul and the body. This is a high price to pay for the pride and self-confidence that most people suffer from. Realizing this, Mikhail Lermontov tries, with the help of a parable poem, not only to understand the motives of his own actions, but also to protect others from the desire to get what is not intended for them. After all, dreams tend to come true, which often turns into a real disaster for those who put their desires much higher than their capabilities.
"Three palm trees", analysis of Lermontov's poem
The poem of the mature period "Three Palms" was written by M. Lermontov in 1838. It was first published in Otechestvennye Zapiski in 1839.
In a poem that is by genre ballad. the poet used a number of Pushkin's images from the "Imitation of the Koran", the same meter and stanza. However, in terms of meaning, Lermontov's ballad is polemical in relation to Pushkin's poem. The author fills it with philosophical content, putting at the forefront the question of the meaning of human life .
The philosophical meaning of the poem has a clear religious connotation, and the whole poetic parable is saturated biblical symbolism. The number of palms symbolizes the three components of the human soul: mind, feelings and will. The spring acts as a symbol of the spirit that connects a person with the source of life - God. The oasis symbolizes paradise; it is no coincidence that the poet places the action of the ballad in "steppes of the Arabian land". It was there, according to legend, that the Garden of Eden was located. Epithet "proud" in relation to palm trees, it symbolizes human pride and the presence of original sin. "Dirty Hands" and "black eyes" Arabs, chaos and disorder ( "discordant sounds". "screaming and whistling". "exploding the sand") indicate evil spirits. The complete rupture of the human soul with God and its possession by evil spirits is expressed by the line: "Jugs sounding filled with water". The human soul perishes "ax" Moors, and the caravan follows the next victim to the west, the direction opposite to the place where God resides. Revealing the meaning of human life, Lermontov calls to be more attentive to his soul. Pride and rejection of humility, acceptance of what is predetermined by God can lead to tragic consequences - the destruction of both the soul and the body.
In the poem, Lermontov raises and relationship between man and nature. people do not appreciate what nature gives them. They seek to destroy it for the sake of momentary desires or profit, without thinking about the consequences. Condemning people for their consumerist attitude to the world around them, the poet warns that defenseless nature can still take revenge on offenders, and this revenge will be as ruthless and cruel as the actions of people who imagine themselves to be kings of nature.
The poem has ring composition. based on receiving an antithesis life and death in the first and last stanzas. The first stanza vividly paints an idyllic picture of a magical oasis in the vast desert. In the last stanza, the oasis becomes "gray and cold" ashes, the stream carries hot sand, and the desert again becomes lifeless, promising the travelers inevitable death. With the help of such an organization of the poem, Lermontov emphasizes the whole tragedy of a person in a catastrophic situation.
Narrative in nature, the work has clear story line. The main characters of the poem are "Three Proud Palms". unwilling to live "useless" and dissatisfied with their fate, they begin to grumble at the Creator: “Your wrong, oh heaven, holy sentence!”. God heard their displeasure, and miraculously a rich caravan appeared near the palm trees. Its inhabitants quenched their thirst "cold water" from the stream, rested in the fertile shade of friendly palm trees, and in the evening they cut down the trees without regret: “The ax pounded on the elastic roots, / And the pets of centuries fell without life!”. Proud palm trees were punished for not being content with their lot, but for daring "murmur at God" .
The ballad consists of 10 six-line stanzas written tetrameter amphibrach. three-syllable foot with stress on the second syllable. The poem is distinguished by an acute conflict of the plot, a clear composition, rhythmic organization of the verse, lyrical richness and vivid imagery. Lermontov unusually widely uses various means of expression. epithets (sonorous stream, luxurious leaves, proud palm trees, barren soil, terry head), metaphors (the sand spun like a column, a flaming chest), comparisons(people - "small children". caravan "walked, swaying like a shuttle in the sea"), personifications (the spring made its way, the leaves whisper with a thundering stream, the palm trees greet unexpected guests). Personifications allow you to see in images "proud palms" people who are dissatisfied with their lives. When describing the felling of palm trees, alliteration"r" sound.
In the poem "Three Palms" Lermontov managed to combine the vivid transmission of the beauty of oriental nature in all its colors and the most important philosophical questions that have been of concern to more than one generation.