MCOU Chukhloma Secondary School named after. A.A. Yakovleva
Lesson summary on the topic “Khlestakov and Khlestakovism. N.V. Gogol’s skill in creating the image of Khlestakov.” 8th grade
Teacher of Russian language and literature
Everyone, at least for a minute, if not for several minutes, became Khlestakov.
N.V.Gogol
1. Checking the data
City tour N
2.New material
a) I suggest doing a little research. Here are two reproductions.
I want to ask you, are these paintings by the same artist? (No).
Why did you come to this conclusion? (Different styles, manners, looks, characters, colors, etc.).
But each artist set himself a specific task. Do you think he coped with this task? Is this painting a complete and complete work? ? (Yes it is).
Do you think the artists used the same means and techniques? ? (Probably not).
What does this mean? (In choosing colors, revealing characters, placing accents, etc.).
Conclusion: These two paintings are by different artists
B) Each writer also, when creating images of his unique characters, uses different techniques, different means of artistic expression. And each writer has his own style, his own techniques.
For example, use these signs to recognize the heroes of N. V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General.”
1. A fat, clumsy man, but for all that, a sly and a rogue. Very helpful and fussy. He says about himself that he “regrets nothing and zealously performs his service.” (Artemy Filippovich Zemlyanika, trustee of charitable institutions)
2. Believes that there is no person who does not have some sins behind him, since this is already arranged by God himself. Therefore, he himself gladly takes and gives bribes. (Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, mayor.)
3. This hero says: “God forbid you serve in the educational department! You are afraid of everything: everyone is in the way, you want to show everyone that he is also an intelligent person.” (Luka Lukich Khlopov, superintendent of schools.)
4. This official does not believe in God, does not go to church and openly says that he takes bribes with greyhound puppies. (Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin, judge)
I think you are convinced: by the details of the portrait, the peculiarities of speech, and by some actions it is easy to recognize a person, he cannot be confused with another due to his individuality and uniqueness.
C) The focus of our attention today is the image of Khlestakov. Look at the topic, at the epigraph and set goals for your work in the lesson. (Listen to the answers)
Vocabulary work
An image is an artistic generalization expressed in the particular. Showing common features in the individual.
It is no coincidence that in the topic of the lesson, along with the hero’s surname, there is also the word Khlestakovism. This is already a generalized name that appeared from the surname of this hero, and what it means, we must find out by revealing the characteristic features of Khlestakov.
D) Let's remember what means of creating an image on stage do we know?
Analyzing the image of Khlestakov, we fill out the table, highlighting the positive and negative in the hero.
Positive | Negative |
“get tickets to the theater every day”; young man 23-24 years old; dressed in fashion; familiar with Russian and foreign literature; knows how to captivate listeners; | squandered money”; “sits with his tail curled up and doesn’t get excited”; “goes on a spree with my father’s money”; “sells everything down to the last shirt”; “not involved in business”; “walks around the prespekt”; does not pay at the tavern; cowardly; arrogant, arrogant, rude to the servant; exaggerates, invents, lies about his life and service in the capital; invents fables; |
3.Tasks in groups:
1. Analyze phenomena 2, 3, actions 2: How the hero speaks, how he calls Osip, how he talks to the owner of the hotel.
(Feels like a master, calls Osip a fool and a brute, and the owner of the hotel - a brute animal, not realizing that he depends on these people, cause-and-effect relationships and logic are broken in his mind, he does not learn from the mistakes he has made, does not regret at all losing money to an infantry captain)
2.
Analyze Osip’s monologue, act II, scene 1.
Write down in the table what Osip says about Khlestakov.
(From St. Petersburg; “wasted money”; “twisted tail;, Khlestakov needs to show himself in every city; “elistratishka”; “finished playing cards”; “father sends money... went on a spree”: rides in a cab, gets tickets to the theater every day , and then “selling a new tailcoat... shirts”; he doesn’t do business, instead of going to work he goes for a walk on the avenue; the old master does not approve of his son’s behavior)
Without yet seeing Khlestakov, we can conclude that he is nothing of himself, but at the same time, he is a man with pretensions.
3. Write down, using “Notes for Gentlemen Actors,” the details of Khlestakov’s portrait. How does Gogol see Khlestakov? Khlestakov himself is an insignificant person
4. Write out the remarks in the speech. VII and VIII 2 actions that characterize Khlestakov (at the moment Osip announced the arrival of the Governor). (Frightened, he straightens up, looks at the Mayor, his eyes bulging, in fright, i.e. a coward, but trying to be brave)
Yavl. VII. What is the feeling that Gorodnichy and Khlestakov feel towards each other? (the main feeling is fear)- Did Khlestakov understand that he was being mistaken for someone else? (No, because he is stupid and selfish)
What guides Khlestakov in his actions?
Compare Khlestakov’s behavior in the hotel and in the mayor’s house.
5. Analyze the telling names associated with the hero (if necessary, select related words, work with an explanatory dictionary).
What can they tell you about Khlestakov?
The telling name of the hero is Khlestakov?
Khlestakov’s friend – Tryapichkin? Remember who is colloquially called a “rag.”
The name of the village of Khlestakova is Podkatilovka?
Bitter impression
It is not for nothing that a friend, similar in his qualities to Khlestakov, the mayor, emphasizing the insignificance of the imaginary auditor, calls him a rag.
4.Analysis of the lie scene Watching the video clip. 3 action 6 phenomenon
Let's watch the brag scene? Note what roles does Khlestakov play in this scene, what transformations happen to him in this monologue? Determine the advantages and disadvantages of Khlestakov in this situation.
- Gogol’s highest comedic skill was demonstrated here. The techniques for creating comics are very diverse. Which ones did you notice? Refer to the text.
“In the scene of boasting, the author resorts to hyperbole and exaggeration (“In one evening he composed three works: “Norma”, “Robert the Devil” and “The Marriage of Figaro”). And these works are operas.”
“Soup in a saucepan straight from Paris, and what does it cost to receive 35 thousand foreign couriers in one evening,” etc.
- How does lying characterize the hero’s poverty of imagination?(only quantitative exaggerations, dangling phrases, high-style and colloquial words nearby)
“Gogol uses the grotesque in his work. The whole action of the comedy rests on a mistake.”
What role does this scene play in the development of the plot?
The boasting scene is the highest moment in the development of the action.”
“This is the culmination. Khlestakov from the “elistrate” (as Osip calls him, and this is the lowest rank in the Table of Ranks - collegiate registrar) grows into a minister managing a department.”
- What assessment do the officials give to Khlestakov in Act 7, Act 3? Why don’t they notice Khlestakov’s lies?(This is what man means!”) They admire him and see him as an ideal.
Why don’t officials notice that Khlestakov is simply lying?
Fear!
Conclusion: What qualities of the hero did you note during the analysis?
5. Implementation of an individual task Hero of N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” Khlestakov
in illustrations by Russian artists.
Before the message: What features of Khlestakov are captured in the artists’ illustrations?
6. Conclusion: What is Khlestakovism in your understanding? Do you agree with Gogol's words as an epigraph? Are there Khlestakovs among us?
D/z 1) prepare an oral description of Khlestakov using the materials in the table
3) continue filling out the table using materials from steps 4 and 5
Khlestakov is the central character of the comedy. The writer managed to portray a hero who contributes to the development of the action. This was Gogol's innovation, since, despite the fact that Khlestakov is neither a reasoning hero, nor a conscious deceiver, nor a hero of a love affair, his image motivates the development of the plot. Gogol finds a new impulse that contributes to this development. In his comedy, everything rests on a situation of self-deception, which becomes possible precisely thanks to such a hero.
The image of Khlestakov is the embodiment of ideal emptiness and ideal stupidity. We can say that it lacks its own content. He is a meaningless person without inner filling. Therefore, he can easily transform and play the roles that are imposed on him. Khlestakov is weaving an intrigue, but we see that he himself is not aware of this. He rejoices at the honors shown to him and does not even try to find out the reason for such a ceremonial reception; he does not suspect that he was mistaken for an auditor; he simply does what those around him suggest - and through his actions he further establishes himself in their eyes as an official from St. Petersburg.
Khlestakov does not so much consciously or deliberately deceive the heroes of the comedy as mislead them. At the first meeting with the mayor, he tries to intimidate him so as not to end up in prison, although he himself is no less frightened. In the house of the Governor, Khlestakov lies just as unintentionally; he strives to rise in the eyes of his listeners and therefore invents a dizzying career for himself from a minor official to a field marshal. In addition to the role of auditor, commander-in-chief, and head of the department, he also takes on the guise of a benefactor for the city, a writer, and even the fiancé of Marya Antonovna, the mayor’s daughter. He takes on one form or another in accordance with the situation in which he finds himself; and therefore we can say that he is practically invulnerable. It can be compared to a chameleon, which changes its color not for fun, but for survival.
A similar definition of its essence is reflected in Khlestakov’s comparison with water taking the shape of the vessel into which it was poured, which was accurately noted by Yu. Mann. Thanks to the sincerity and sincerity with which Khlestakov plays the roles imposed on him, he easily gets out of any situation that could catch him in a lie. Marya Antonovna recalls that “Yuri Miloslavsky” is the work of Mr. Zagoskin, while the newly appointed auditor claims that he is its author. What about Khlestakov? And on the fly he comes up with an excuse for this discrepancy, explaining this by the presence of two works with the same title. Khlestakov once again admits inaccuracy in his simple lie when, intoxicated by wine and his sudden success, he utters the line: “As you run up the stairs to your fourth floor, you only say to the cook: “Here, Mavrushka, overcoat.” But officials do not notice this oversight and take it for a slip of the tongue. They encourage Khlestakov in his lies, thinking that by doing so they will recognize him. In their acceptance of the nonsense they have invented for the truth, and the truth for lies, lies the most comic (and tragic) in the work.
The portrait of Khlestakov is created by the author using the comment he gave at the beginning of the comedy in “Notes for Gentlemen Actors,” replicas of other characters and his own words. Thus, the following image appears before the reader: a young man of about twenty-three, “somewhat stupid and, as they say, without a king in his head, - one of those people who in the offices are called empty... His speech is abrupt, and the words fly out of his mouth completely suddenly". Even his servant Osip does not consider his master a worthwhile person, but sees in him just a simple “elistrate”. When the Mayor first sees this nondescript, short man in front of him, whom he “would crush with his fingernail,” he doubts that a real auditor is standing in front of him. But since, due to the hasty reasoning of the officials, they decided that an auditor had indeed appeared in the city incognito, since Khlestakov is the only visitor so far, and he is behaving strangely, the Mayor and the rest of the officials do not pay attention to the discrepancy between his appearance and the position he “occupies.” . Thus, the image of Khlestakov is shown in detail against the background of city officials, which allows us to consider his personality also in comparison with other characters. His stupidity and emptiness are shown in comparison with the stupidity of officials, and it remains to be seen which of them loses in this comparison.
The image of Khlestakov created by Gogol contributes to the penetration of mirage intrigue into the comedy, the meaning of which lies in depicting the pursuit of officials by the mirage, in their wasting their strength. Thanks to the mirage intrigue, Khlestakov’s demonic essence is revealed. He, like the devil, takes on the form offered to him by the petitioner and creates the illusion of fulfilling the request. Also, something mystical can be seen in the unexpected appearance of Khlestakov and in his sudden departure - from nowhere to nowhere.
Khlestakov is a capacious and deep image that contains great human truth. The Khlestakovs have not yet disappeared, and it is not for nothing that his name has become a household name. Much has already been said about the fact that Khlestakov is essentially an empty person. But how much interesting and instructive we take away from his image and how deeply he makes us think about ourselves!..
Technological map of a literature lesson in 8th grade
Lesson Basics
Date 01/23/2017
Number of students per lesson 5
Federal State Educational Standards section on the Russian language From Russian literature of the 19th century
Lesson topic Mastery N.V. Gogol in creating the image of Khlestakov
Lesson type Lessons to improve knowledge, skills and abilities
Lesson option Lesson on developing skills and abilities
Type of lesson Purpose of the teacher's activity Educational: to help students holistically imagine the image of Khlestakov by introducing and analyzing the scene of the meeting with the mayor, the scene of lies;
Developmental: promote the development of skills in critical analysis of information, creating a situation of success;
Educational: contribute to the development of personal qualities of students.
Planned educational results Subject: ability to analyze a literary work: understand and formulate a theme, idea, characterize its characters, determine the elements of plot, composition, visual and expressive means of language; formulating one’s own attitude towards the work, its evaluation; understanding the author’s position and one’s attitude towards it; meaningful reading and adequate perception; ; answer questions based on the text you listened to or read; create oral monologues of various types; be able to conduct a dialogue;
Metasubject: Communicative:
Establish working relationships, collaborate effectively and promote productive cooperation
Regulatory:
accept and save the learning task, take into account the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the new educational material, independently adequately evaluate the correctness of the actions performed.
Cognitive:
Design a route to overcome learning difficulties through inclusion in new activities and forms of cooperation
Personal: develop a positive attitude towards learning and your knowledge.
Basic concepts in the lesson Characteristics of a hero, auditor, ladder of glory
Teaching methods Problem-based, heuristic, search, visual, verbal, practical
Forms of training Frontal, individual, group
Audiovisual presentation
PC equipment; multimedia projector; screen
Educational resources Other Technology for developing critical thinkingOrganizational structure of the lesson
Stage
lesson Educational
Components.
Types of tasks Teacher’s activities Student’s activities Forms of organization of educational activities Formed UUD Control
at the lesson
Organizing the start of the lesson (1 min) Verbal Hello, guys! Look at each other, smile, sit down. The mood for the lesson is frontal personal: attention, respect for others; ethical standards of behavior: politeness, accuracy, composure; communicative: planning educational cooperation with the teacher, peers; regulatory: self-regulation, skills and abilities of readiness for a lesson Motivation for learning activities (3 min) Verbal, problematic Epigraphs on the slide: “He is a kind soul, in his own way a dreamer, and endowed with a certain deceptive charm, the grace of a rake...” - V.V. Nabokov
“Khlestakov plays the main role in the action; all other persons revolve around him, like planets around the sun.” – Y. Mann
Who do you think Nabokov was talking about?
What will we talk about in class today? About Khlestakov
About Khlestakov
Frontal, collective personal: the desire for speech self-improvement
communicative UUD: planning educational cooperation with the teacher, peers, the ability to express thoughts with sufficient completeness in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication.
regulatory: development of will, positive emotional attitude Challenge (5 min) Verbal, We are already familiar with the heroes of the work. What news shocked all the heroes?
Who is most concerned about the arrival of the auditor and why?
What advice does the mayor give to his subordinates and what is the meaning of this advice?
Let's find these words in the text and read them by role.
Have you ever seen such pictures in our lives?
Why doesn’t Gogol immediately arrange a meeting between Khlestakov and the mayor?
Then what should we learn in class? “The auditor is coming to see us!”
The mayor, because he is responsible for order in the city, for all services. And if everything is not good there, then the main demand is from him.
Role-playing reading (Strawberry - put on clean caps, write in Latin any disease, when someone got sick, on what date; Lyapkin-Tyapkin - “receive” the arapnik from the courthouse and remove the geese; Khlopov - warn teachers not to make faces and break chairs ; to the quarterly - sweep the street. All orders are not aimed at eliminating disorder, but solely at covering up the bad state of affairs, creating the impression of external order.) They answer.
Lets the reader know that Khlestakov is not an auditor.
Who is Khlestakov? Individual, frontal Regulatory: understand the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the educational material,
educational:
Comprehension of the content (10 min) Search, heuristic To make it easier for you to give a description, during the lesson you compile a reference summary for yourself.
What do you know about Khlestakov?
Who is he? What is he?
What remark makes it possible to mistake him for an auditor?
How does Khlestakov justify the owl's demand for lunch? Why does his pleading tone give way to impudence?
What impression is created on the heroes surrounding Khlestakov?
Let's see how the first meeting of the mayor and Khlestakov takes place.
Write down how both characters behave and what they expect from this meeting.
Okay guys. They read Osip’s monologue and answer the question.
“in the dining room this morning, two short men were eating salmon and something else...”
Envious attention to the contents of other people's plates is mistaken for shrewd observation.
Khlestakov claims that he is “not of the same kind” as others, hinting at some kind of chosenness. The pleading tone gives way to a rude one, because he has already eaten and there is no threat of being left without lunch.
This makes officials look even funnier and stupider, because they are afraid of the “emptiest” person and grovel before him.
View a fragment from the film.
Both - the mayor and Khlestakov - expect this meeting to decide their fate; each hero sees before him an enemy invested with power and supported by the law. Individual, frontal Regulatory: understand the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the educational material,
educational:
understand the question asked, construct an answer orally in accordance with it, establish cause-and-effect relationships in the range of phenomena being studied;
communicative: formulate your own opinion and position.
Physical exercise (3 min) Visual And now let’s take a little rest with you. I turn on the charger for you, and you repeat all the movements. Have a seat. Perform physical exercises Group Communication: collaboration with classmates Comprehension of the content (10 min) Heuristic, search We continue our work.
What do the remarks of phenomena 7 and 8 say?
When is mutual understanding established between the characters?
To unravel the character and intentions of the auditor, the mayor took him to inspect the city and offered him a room in his house.
Is Khlestakov satisfied with his tour of the city and why?
Let's see how Khlestakov behaves in the mayor's house. Watch a fragment of the film and highlight the main steps of the career ladder and the steps of secular fame (occupations, entertainment, hundred, home).
What did you write out?
What works, according to Khlestakov, is he the author of? What does this set say?
What gives Khlestakov the opportunity to freely climb the ladder of fame?
What makes the mayor’s head spin?
What assessment do officials give to Khlestakov?
Well, now let's summarize. What are the main characteristics? They answer the question.
When the mayor lent money to Khlestakov. Everyone got what they wanted: Khlestakov - money, the mayor - the hope that his activities will remain without complaints and he will get away with everything.
Satisfied, his vanity and curiosity are satisfied.
Viewing a fragment, filling out the table.
The notes are read out.
Khlestakov has heard the names of the authors and the titles of the works, but does not even know what they are talking about: operas, prose, drama, and a literary magazine are included in the same row. He does not hesitate to appropriate the works of geniuses.
The fear of the listeners, they believe his every word.
From fear that a high-ranking official had looked into the district town with an audit, from the fact that this official was in his house and, therefore, was unwittingly bringing the mayor closer to the highest circles.
“This is what man means!”
Read the entries in the table. Individual, frontal Regulatory: understand the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the educational material,
educational:
understand the question asked, construct an answer orally in accordance with it, establish cause-and-effect relationships in the range of phenomena being studied;
communicative: formulate your own opinion and position.
Reflection (7 min) Practical, verbal You did a very good job today. I suggest you compose a syncwine on the topic of our lesson.
What did you get?
Guys, what did you like about today's lesson?
Have we completed all the tasks?
What new did you learn?
Well done boys! Thank you for the lesson! Make up syncwine.
The syncwines are read out. Answer questions. group Communication: the ability to fully and clearly express one’s thoughts;
logical: analysis of the truth of statements,
regulatory: evaluation of work results. Standard check.
Homework (1 min) Verbal Homework:
Prepare a role-playing reading of the scenes “Officials at the Auditor’s Office” Write down your homework. collective Personal: professional self-determination, understanding the importance of the Russian language in the process of obtaining an education, the desire for speech self-improvement.
Option 1:
Khlestakov... He is generally considered a swindler and a deceiver. But is this really so? All his life a person is late for something, doesn’t have time, everything is awkward for him, he doesn’t know how to do anything, he’s a failure in everything... At the same time, he dreams. And in his dreams he is strong, smart, rich, powerful and irresistible to women.
The reality is sad - Khlestakov lost to smithereens. Only a miracle will save our dreamer from starvation and debt.
And a miracle happens. The circumstances are so favorable that Ivan Alexandrovich cannot resist the temptation. And those in power fawn over him, and the first beauties of N-Ska are ready to fall into his arms - or provide their daughters. And there is no strength or desire to stop and think about the consequences - the whirlwind of flattering and corrupt carries on and on...
Khlestakov himself, however, is stupid and cowardly. And the only thing that justifies him in our eyes is the even greater stupidity and cowardice of the characters around him. However, he knows how to deftly adapt to the situation and wishful thinking. If you want to see an important official, you will have an important official. If you want to give bribes, he will accept them. If you want a profitable marriage or an influential lover, he will promise you this. It is impossible to stop in the flow of lies, only to leave, which is what Khlestakov does. Very timely.
Khlestakov is not the main character of the play. It is rather a natural phenomenon, like a snowstorm or drought. He simply by existing allows others to show themselves in all their glory. Put your vices and passions on display. Turn inside out under the spotlight.
Khlestakov is passive throughout the entire action, he goes with the flow. It doesn't act - it just encourages those around them to take off their masks. By your very existence here and now.
Khlestakov is only a catalyst.
Option 2:
It is precisely this invincible confidence in his right to be cared for by other people that leads to the fact that Khlestakov is easily drawn into the game offered to him and does not disabuse the other participants in this game. He carries himself so naturally in the image of a pompous talker that officials have no doubt: this role was invented on purpose to disguise the audit.
The behavior model of all bribe takers is approximately the same - they also pretend to be stupid. Therefore, the events of the play unfold very predictably. The combination of fear with hope for quick success leads to a loss of vigilance, including among women.
Khlestakov is not a positive hero, although he did not have any bad intentions. This image is especially relevant in our time, when society is aimed at consumption rather than personal development.
Option 3:
Gogol is one of the most merciless critics of the moral principles and foundations of the public of that time. It is noteworthy that everything described by the author, all the characteristics and life stories are relevant to this day. As they say: “we all came out of Gogol’s overcoat.” The same can be said about the comedy “The Inspector General,” in particular about Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, whose character is central to the work. His character traits, manner of behavior, and the adventures in which he got involved were so vital and natural that a collective name appeared for this kind of incident - “Khlestakovism.”
If you figure out who Khlestakov is, it will become obvious that he is, in fact, not an evil character, but an extremely resourceful, cunning and skillful deceiver. He is even close to acting. Upon arrival in the small town, he found it difficult to make ends meet. Left alone in the room and sending the servant to beg dinner from the owner of the inn, these are the thoughts that come to him: “It’s terrible how hungry I am! So I walked around a little, wondering if my appetite would go away - no, damn it, it won’t. Yes, if I hadn’t had a party in Penza, I would have had enough money to get home.” It is obvious that sometimes, very rarely, Khlestakov’s thoughts of common sense slip through, and repentance appears. This happens not because of high morality, but because of the horrors of need. The hero squandered almost all his father's money at cards. He is left to look for ways to make money, but our character is not so prudent. Instead, he simply took advantage of the situation, pretended to be an important official and fooled the residents of a small town. “After all, you live to pick flowers of pleasure.”
Khlestakov is intoxicated by the situation, the imaginary power and the fallen role. Such a person has no backbone; he swims wherever the current takes him. He cheats to get out, throws dust in his eyes, wants to appear and not be. Unfortunately, both before and today, a person who has received a high position, without achieving it through his own work, but by chance, behaves this way. He imagines himself to be a great man, deciding the destinies of people, covers his eyes with false achievements, extols himself to the skies, not noticing that there is nothing to support his flight. And each of us needs to answer honestly, to ourselves, would we be tempted to hit the big jackpot when it comes into our hands? What would they do when each of the residents was in a hurry to please us, honor us and “kiss our hands.” Wouldn't you give in? “There is no point in blaming the mirror if your face is crooked,” the proverb to the work tells us.
Option 4:
The key figure in N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" is Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov.
The writer characterizes the main character of his work negatively. Why? Because Khlestakov behaves so arrogantly and irresponsibly that even the reader develops a feeling of hostility towards this character.
When we meet Khlestakov, we learn that he managed to spend all his money because of his love for gambling. Now he is in the county town of N, unable to pay for accommodation in the hotel where he was staying. The mayor, who mistook this rogue for an auditor, creates for Khlestakov all the conditions where the imaginary auditor can show his “talents” - lies, ambition, money-grubbing. All this leads to the fact that the number of people deceived by Khlestakov increases every day, and the anti-hero himself, without a twinge of conscience, takes advantage of what could never rightfully belong to him.
The image of this negative hero has become a household name and today we can observe a considerable number of such “Khlestakovs” surrounding us in everyday life.
Option 5:
One of the main characters, as well as the most striking image of the comedy N.V. Gogol's "Inspector General" is Ivan Khlestakov, he is young, thin and stupid. They often say about such people: “without a king in their head.”
Khlestakov serves in the office, receiving a meager salary and dreaming of incredible heights that are inaccessible to him from birth. He fantasizes about how he will lead a luxurious life and become a favorite of the ladies, although this, of course, will never happen.
By chance, having lost everything he had, he ends up in a hotel in the provincial town of N, where he encounters the mayor. He takes him for an auditor, and previously inaccessible opportunities open up for the dreamer and liar Khlestakov. He begins to feel his importance, even if imaginary, and uncontrollably lies about himself, his achievements and position in society. At the same time, he doesn’t even know who exactly he was confused with; the hero lacks the intelligence to use his temporary position for his own benefit. Although unconsciously, Khlestakov, playing the role that was imposed on him, managed to feed everyone’s fear of the “big man.” During his service in the office, he more than once tried on the role of serious officials, observing their behavior. And so he had the opportunity to feel significant and important, and the hero, of course, took advantage of it, because his superficiality does not allow him to predict the troubles that may follow. It is worth noting that Khlestakov was not a swindler by nature, he simply accepted other people’s honors and was sure that he deserved them, already beginning to believe in his own lies.
The mayor was unable to recognize the forgery, because Ivan impersonated an official unintentionally, without the goal of profit; he innocently considered himself to be what those around him believed. But it was an accident that saved him; he left the city on time and thanks to this he avoided retribution for his lies.
The image of Khlestakov illustrates an empty and worthless person who, without giving anything to society, wants to receive all kinds of benefits and honors for nothing.
Option 6:
Khlestakov Ivan Aleksandrovich is one of the key characters in Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”. By himself, he is a very mediocre person, not standing out from the crowd with any positive qualities, a typical “little man.” By the will of fate, he finds himself on the crest of a wave of life - by pure chance, residents of the provincial town of N mistake him for an important person - the capital's auditor. And here our hero’s real life begins - the life he has dreamed of for so long: the top officials of the town invite him to dinner parties, the best women pay attention to him, and officials are in awe of the “significant person.”
And then, when Khlestakov achieves the life he dreamed of, his true face begins to clearly appear. Khlestakov lies uncontrollably, presenting himself as a great writer and public figure, shamelessly takes bribes, and fools two women at the same time. In the middle of the work, we see him no longer as a faceless “little man”, but as a truly immoral person. In his character we see frivolity and deceit, irresponsibility and stupidity, superficiality and simply a lack of decency. It’s not for nothing that all these qualities together were dubbed Khlestakovism.
It is also interesting that as the action of the work develops, the character of the main character also develops - the negative traits of his character appear more and more. It is unknown what Khlestakov would have reached if it were not for another happy accident - just before the hero’s deception was revealed, he left the city. Probably, luck is the only valuable natural gift that nature endowed Khlestakov with.
Target:
1. Get an idea of Khlestakov’s character, understand what “Khlestakovshchina” is.
2. Developmental: development of students’ creative imagination, work on the artistic features of the play, development of students’ analytical skills.
3. Educational: the formation of positive moral orientations; knowledge of the life basis and general meaning of comedy; raising a thoughtful reader; formation of a stable moral position.
Methodological techniques: reading individual comedy episodes, analytical conversation, analysis of illustrations.
Equipment: illustrations for the comedy, epigraph.
Epigraph
Khlestakov plays the main role in the action; all other persons revolve around him, like planets around the sun.
Y. Mann.
During the classes.
I. Organizational moment.
II. Base repetition.
In everyday life we are surrounded by people. Dozens, maybe hundreds of faces per day, starting with your own reflection in the mirror in the morning. What are these faces talking about? Most of them are erased by our memory even before they disappear from sight; some hold our attention, arouse curiosity, affection or, on the contrary, antipathy - depending on our character, temperament, and mood of the moment.
Meanwhile, personality is a complex interweaving of the individual and the general. These two contradictory properties in life appear in inextricable unity, giving rise through their confrontation to innumerable subtleties of human behavior, and, consequently, its external signs - facial expressions, gestures, even the nature of hairstyle and clothing. It is by these innumerable subtleties of behavior, by external signs, that we recognize a person.
For example, use these signs to recognize the heroes of N.V.’s comedy. Gogol "The Inspector General".
Quiz "Guess the Hero"
1. When speaking, makes a sound similar to the letter “i” and somewhat like “e”. He doesn’t know a word of Russian and believes that if a person is destined to recover, then he will recover anyway, and if he dies, then he will die anyway. (Christian Ivanovich Gibner, district doctor.)
2. Believes that living in the countryside is better, since there is less publicity and concern. But in St. Petersburg life is subtle and political. The merchants call him “venerable,” but he considers himself a simple man. (Osip, Khlestakov’s servant.)
3. A fat, clumsy man, but for all that, a sly and a rogue. Very helpful and fussy. He says about himself that he “regrets nothing and zealously performs his service.” (Artemy Filippovich Strawberry.)
4. Believes that there is no person who does not have some sins behind him, since this is already arranged this way by God himself. Therefore, he himself gladly takes and gives bribes. (Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, mayor.)
5. This hero says: “God forbid you serve in the educational department! You are afraid of everything: everyone is in the way, you want to show everyone that he is also an intelligent person.” (Luka Lukich Khlopov, superintendent of schools.)
I think you are convinced: by the details of the portrait, the peculiarities of speech, and by some actions it is easy to recognize a person, he cannot be confused with another due to his individuality and uniqueness.
Target setting
Today in class I invite you to stop near the portrait of the main character of the comedy N.V. Gogol “The Inspector General” by Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, delve into its essence, identify positive and negative aspects. The immortal text of the comedy will help us with this. Let's try to identify the very grains from which the writer composed his hero. We will find out what N.V. Gogol’s skill lies in creating the image of Khlestakov.
III. Checking homework
1. Reading a monologue expressively.
The first to give a complete description of Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is his servant Osip. Who, no matter how the servant, knows everything about the master. That's why he has the floor. Listen carefully to Osip's monologue (D. II, appearance 1), note the positive and negative in Khlestakov. (One pre-prepared student reads Osip’s monologue expressively, the whole class works with the text, using a pencil to mark “+” and “-” Khlestakov.)
— What positive and negative properties of Khlestakov is Osip talking about?
(“+”: “get tickets to the theater every day”; “-“: “wasted money, sits with his tail curled up; goes on a spree with his father’s money; doesn’t do anything; walks around the prespekt,” plays cards; doesn’t pay at the tavern) . (These signs are written on the board by the teacher in two columns).
-What is the role of this monologue? (Gogol portrays the auditor through Osip’s story. We understand that Khlestakov is not an auditor, but an insignificant “elistratishka” who is wasting his life pointlessly)
- For what purpose is it given? (Introduce the true Khlestakov. We know, but the city does not.)
It was Khlestakov, introduced by his servant Osip.
2. Scene analysis. Khlestakov in the tavern.
— How is Khlestakov’s character revealed in his behavior, speech, gestures, facial expressions in the tavern?
To answer this question, let us pay attention to Khlestakov in the tavern. At home you prepared a message on this topic.
Exemplary creative work.
On the main street of the county town there is a building with huge letters “Tavern”. It was here that Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, an official from St. Petersburg, settled two weeks ago.
They gave him a dark, low room, so when you enter it you have to bow your head. In the corner of the room, under the stairs, there is a rickety bed, all disheveled, covered somehow with a gray-green blanket. The only window located at floor level does not receive sunlight. It's dark in the room.
Khlestakov enters, a young man of 23-24 years old, dressed in fashion: a black tailcoat, narrow white trousers, a chic bow decorates his neck, a top hat and a cane in his hands. There is longing and boredom on the face, and a great desire to eat in the hungry eyes. Without taking off his shoes, he lies down on the bed. Yellow wallpaper with simple pictures pasted on the walls creates the impression of hopelessness and sadness of the hero at this point in his life. He cannot lie down for a long time, as the feeling of hunger does not give him peace. He jumps up, walks around the room, compresses his lips in various ways and finally says in a loud and decisive voice: “Hey, Osip!” But Khlestakov is so humiliated by lack of money and the fear of being on the street, he is so tormented by hunger that in a less decisive voice he is capable of a timid request: “You go there...”. At these words, Khlestakov hides his eyes and turns away from Osip. He is not smart, he does not dare to clarify “where”, since they will most likely refuse. Khlestakov sees that Osip does not want to go anywhere, and then he has no choice but to beg the servant, so his voice sounds quiet and not at all decisive. He has difficulty pronouncing every word. His phrases are replete with long pauses, and there are apologetic intonations in his voice. Here we understand that the servant becomes the master of the situation, that the master is under his thumb! But how Khlestakov is transformed when a servant comes into his room with plates and napkins. His voice again sounded loud and decisive, he jumped up in his chair for joy, clapped his hands, his speech was full of exclamatory sentences. Khlestakov sits at the table, like a noble gentleman in an expensive tavern on Nevsky. Now, more and more often, not a request, not a plea, is heard addressed to the servant, but “fool!”, “rascals!”, “Scoundrels, Khlestakov’s idlers.
— What “+” and “-” qualities of Khlestakov are reflected in this work? (“+”: a young man of 23-24 years old, dressed in fashion; “-“: cowardly, arrogant, arrogant, rude to a servant)..
IV. Analysis of 3 actions.
But most of all, in my opinion, a person is revealed in action, in actions. Therefore, the culminating moment in revealing the image of Khlestakov is Khlestakov’s speech and actions in the mayor’s house. (D. III, Rev. 6.)
III. Reading by roles 6 phenomena. Scene of lies.
IV. Questions for analysis.
- What kind of Khlestakov was in front of us now? (Unconscious liar, dreamer)
-Tell me, is Khlestakov lying deliberately, pursuing some goal?
(No)
— What are the means of creating the image of Khlestakov? How does lying characterize the poverty of his imagination?
The action in the episode of Khlestakov’s lies (in the 6th scene of Act III) develops with ever-increasing energy. On the one hand, Ivan Alexandrovich’s stories are gradually losing all credibility; on the other hand, the listeners are greatly frightened by the guest’s speech. Their experiences are expressively conveyed by remarks (students give examples). At the end of the scene, the mayor, “walking and shaking his whole body, tries to say” something, but from fright he cannot utter a word.
Khlestakov is not just stupid, but “ideally” stupid. After all, it doesn’t immediately occur to him why he is so accepted in this city. He was never able to understand who he was being mistaken for: in a letter to Tryapichkin, he assures that “judging by his St. Petersburg physiognomy and suit” he was mistaken for the Governor General (and not at all for an auditor). Such simplicity and unintentionality allow him not to deceive anyone: he simply plays the roles that are imposed on him by officials.
— Name what roles Khlestakov plays. Is this just the role of an auditor? Why, without realizing that in the eyes of officials he seemed to be an auditor, was he still able to play this role?
In a few minutes, Khlestakov’s mirage (act three, scene VI) grows to incredible proportions. Before the eyes of officials, Khlestakov is making a dizzying career. — What assessment do officials give to Khlestakov?
(The answer to this question can be found in the 7th scene of Act III: “This is what man means!” and other examples).
(“+”: familiar with Russian and foreign literature, knows how to captivate listeners; “-“: exaggerates, composes, lies about his life and service in the capital; invents fables).
V. Work on Act 4.
The hymn to Khlestakov, in my opinion, sounds like D. IV, Rev. 3-7, where the hero, having entered the role of governor-general, takes bribes, or, as he says, loans.
- Look carefully at the passage, listen to the speech of the characters, look closely at the characters and find not only the bad, but also the good in Khlestakov.
Students role-play this episode of the comedy.
— What positive and negative sides of the hero are manifested in this scene?
(“+”: Khlestakov understood the essence of all officials; “-“: borrows, knowing in advance that he will never repay, i.e. takes bribes).
- The portrait of Khlestakov would not be complete if we did not talk about his attitude towards women.
A creative task was given - on behalf of Khlestakov to talk about Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna.
Exemplary creative work.
I now live in the mayor’s house, chew, recklessly drag myself after his wife and daughter, I just haven’t decided where to start - I think, first of all, with my mother, because it seems that I’m ready for all services now. She is not ugly and even appetizing, but she is a flirt and flighty. He changes clothes four times a day, melts from my compliments and stories about St. Petersburg. When I declared my love to her, it seems that I outdid myself. And it made no difference to me who I said these words to - Anna Andreevna or Marya Antonovna.
The mayor’s daughter is a complete fool, she asked me to write poems in her album, she fell head over heels in love with me, I told her beautiful words about her scarf, neck, lips, and she believed in my love. It’s good that I wasn’t jealous of my mother.
— What qualities of Khlestakov did you discover?
(“+”: likes women; “-“: drags after both Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna; cynical, not serious about women).
Khlestakov's character was revealed deeply.
- Why did this happen, why is everyone standing at attention in front of him? (He doesn’t care about this: in order to understand, you have to think, but he doesn’t know how to think. In his half-drunk head, with a burdened stomach, everything was rearranged, everything was mixed up. He doesn’t remember what he just said.)
As a result of our work in the lesson, we compiled a verbal portrait, a “passport” of this hero using key words.
Khlestakov I.A.
- Can a person, possessing such a set of “+” and “-”, be a governor general, a dignitary, an auditor? (No!)
- Why is he mistaken for an auditor?
(The most empty person, in whom there was and could not be anything resembling an auditor, was accepted without a shadow of a doubt as one, since the officials themselves wanted it!).
VI. Generalization. Lesson conclusions. So, let's summarize our lesson. Let's summarize what is necessary for the image created by a writer to be holistic and to represent the written character? (Show different facets of the hero’s character, as if to show the reader from different sides).
— What is N.V. Gogol’s skill in creating the image of Khlestakov?
Gogol managed to create an image close to life. Remember the phrase
Khlestakova! “I am everywhere, I am everywhere” How do you understand it? (Khlestakov lives in many of us).
— Are there any Khlestakovs among you? (Gogol wrote: “Everyone, at least for a minute, if not for several minutes, was or is becoming Khlestakov.” Gogol created a typical image that is found in literature (and in life).)
— How do you understand the word “Khlestakovism”?
Thus, in the comedy, Gogol laughs not only at the fact that the little emissary was mistaken for a field marshal, but at the fact that the dummy was mistaken for the ideal of a person. We saw in him a calculating braggart, a pitiful ambitious man, almost creating advertising for himself, a handsome dandy and a pathetic beggar.
VII. Homework: prepare an oral essay on the topic: “Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov - an official from St. Petersburg.” Read action 5.
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