The poem conveys the thoughts of F.I. Tyutchev that the inner world of a person is understandable only to himself and can never be fully seen by others. Words cannot express all the dreams and visions that we live. “A thought expressed is a lie,” the poet writes.
Each stanza in the work is a separate semantic part, completely closed in itself. They are united only by the main idea of the poem about the alienness of the inner world of man and the external, as well as the repetition of the final words in the last lines. (Epiphora)
The first stanza contains an energetic conviction (“be silent, hide and hide”), the words of a mentor invisible to the reader, who seeks to help the seeker understand his spiritual world, learn to see all its unique originality.
In the second stanza, persistent conviction turns into logical reasoning. The tone of the mental monologue of the lyrical hero changes, now he is not trying to tell someone his point of view, to teach life to an ignorant person in need of help. The author uses such a poetic device as a chain of rhetorical questions with which he addresses himself: “How can the heart express itself? How can someone else understand you? Will he understand what you live for? And he immediately concludes: “The thought expressed is a lie.” This is how the poet expresses his idea that it is difficult to convey in words all the richness and fullness of the human soul.
In the third stanza one hears again the advice of a wise man addressed to younger dreamers. He gives advice on how to preserve the silence and magic of the unsophisticated mind:
Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts...
There are few tropes in the work: three stanzas contain three images: the comparison of “Silent as stars in the night” in the first, the parallel of mental life with unclouded keys in the second, and the contrast of daylight rays with the hidden world of “mysteriously magical thoughts” in the third. In my opinion, the small number of tropes, combined with elements of colloquial speech and the imperative mood of verbs, makes the text look like a spell. Following the rhythm of the poem, the reader is immersed in a state of inner silence, the path to which the author is trying to show us. This is how the poet tries to help those who do not hear the voice of their soul and lose themselves in the bustle of everyday life.
The poem seemed ambiguous and difficult to understand to me. However, after reading it, I saw in it a meaning that corresponds to my beliefs: for someone who has managed to truly understand himself, who has learned to appreciate his inner wealth, the bustle of the outside world cannot prevent him from being an integral and self-sufficient person. Only by being in harmony with yourself can you live a full life and not depend on anyone.
The poetry of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a classic example of versification from the golden age of Russian poetry. The ease and smoothness of language, the melodiousness and musicality of the verse are the distinctive features of the lyrics of that period, which the author embodied in his work. The most interesting direction of this poet’s creative energy is considered to be philosophical lyrics. In particular, researchers and readers are interested in the interpretation of the famous poem “Silentium” (which means “silence”).
F. M. Tyutchev composed the poem “Silentium” in 1830, but published it for the first time only 3 years later in the magazine “Rumor”. Three years later, the work took pride of place in the more prestigious Sovremennik publication, and was published there several times. The lyrical appeal was noted by prominent representatives of the era. For example, Leo Tolstoy rated him extremely highly, speaking about the exceptional depth of the poet’s thoughts. The writer also led an ascetic lifestyle and fully embodied the behests of Fyodor Ivanovich.
The origin of the title of the work is curious. The history of the creation of “Silentium” began in Germany, when the author served in the embassy and attended lectures at the University of Munich. There, a pithy Latin expression served as a call for silence and attention when the lesson began. The same word was used to preface toasts at student feasts. It was then that Tyutchev thought about the original title for his call for silence, which should preserve sublime thoughts as such, and not drop them in countless attempts to be understood.
Genre and size
In his mature years, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was fascinated by the works of ancient Greek thinkers, so his lyrics took on a philosophical direction. The genre of “Silentium” is called “lyric poem” (it is also called a fragment). It is characterized by brevity, clarity, absence of heroes and plot. The main object of attention of the artist of words is his own thoughts and feelings. The didactic, persuasive intonation originates from the ode. She “inherited” from this genre the pathos and pressure that are necessary to realize the author’s plan. “Be silent, hide and hide,” is an imperious command that is repeated three times, lingering in the memory for a long time.
The work is written in sextins, the meter of the poem “Silentium” is iambic tetrameter. This form simplifies perception and makes the message clear and intelligible. The extreme asceticism of the design only complements the author's idea: there is no need to produce an external effect, the main thing is to have a rich internal content. Similarly, “Silence” does not shine with the gloss of sophisticated stylistics, but captivates with the depth of its idea.
Composition
The poem "Silentium" consists of 18 lines, divided into three six-line lines. Each of them is relatively independent both in semantic and intonation-syntactic terms. However, the development of the lyrical theme holds them together as a single compositional whole. Among the formal means, the author chooses homogeneous end rhymes. These are precise, masculine, percussive rhymes that focus the reader’s attention on the main points of the work.
- In the first stanza, the lyrical hero addresses the reader with a fiery speech with an appeal to keep sincere feelings and thoughts in the depths of the soul.
- In the second stanza, the imperative intonation becomes persuasive; it explains why sincere impulses of the mind and heart need to be restrained and hidden. The author logically proves his point of view.
- In the third stanza, the author formulated a threat that promises trouble for those who wanted to lay out all their ins and outs:
Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts;
They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing - and be silent!
“Mysterious thoughts” return the thought to the first stanza; they are similar to “feelings and dreams”, which, like living beings, “both rise and set” - that is, these are not thoughts, but shades of states of the soul, feelings and dreams. The rays can “disperse” them and “deafen” the outside noise.
Subject
- Integrity of the inner world- This is the main theme of the poem "Silentium". By expressing everything to everyone, a person will only disrupt inner harmony. It is better to stay in it and develop, so that only close people appreciate the riches of the soul. The bustle of life and the turmoil of everyday life distract a person, his sensory world suffers from contact with harsh reality. Therefore, the life of the soul should not go beyond its boundaries; only within will it maintain harmony.
- Lie. Silence will provide a person with the necessary purity of thoughts, unclouded by the desire to please and produce an effect. The uttered thought already has a selfish motive to cause a certain reaction in the interlocutor, that is, its meaning is distorted depending on the intonation and context. Therefore, this or that idea acquires its true sound only in the head, and all further reproductions of it change the original meaning, it becomes overgrown with falsehood.
- Loneliness. In this context, the author calls on a person to solitude in the name of creation. It allows him to get as close to the truth as possible. In endless conversations, on the contrary, any, even the most truthful thought, becomes banal.
main idea
The lyrical hero does not even mean thoughts, but a spiritual essence that cannot be conveyed in words. A feeling enclosed in the robe of everyday conversation will be fragmentary, incomplete, false, because it will not be fully expressed. The meaning of the poem “Silentium” is that, trying to bring down on people his revelations about the life of the soul, a person will not achieve his goal, he will ruin and vulgarize everything.
Exploding, you will disturb the keys, -
Feed on them - and be silent.
The eternal disunity of people, which we are afraid of and are trying to overcome, is shown by the author in these lines. Pouring out your soul is not a solution, because all people are different and many are simply not able to understand each other. The beauty of our world lies in the diversity of people, characters, types, so we cannot consider it a problem, leveling a person on a Procrustean bed. Everyone doesn't have to understand one thing. To avoid conflict, we can reveal the depths of our soul only to a very close circle: family or bosom friend. Tyutchev’s main idea in the poem “Silentium” lies in this peculiar selectivity.
Artistic means of expression
Tyutchev, as already mentioned at the beginning of the article, does not focus on the form of the work. He is attracted by the brevity and simplicity of the style, which provide the reader with the main thing - understanding. Ornate phrases, of course, look original, but do not correspond to the ideological and thematic originality of the poem. Thus, the tropes in “Silentium” are not striking, but emphasize the essence of what is written. They force you to look between the lines and reflect on what the author is expressing.
The verse includes the following figurative and expressive means: epithets (“mysteriously magical thoughts”), comparisons and metaphors (“Let them rise and set silently in the depths of their souls, like stars in the night...”). “One” is a lexical form belonging to the high style. Such words can be found in Derzhavin’s odes, for example. Here it is used as a tribute to tradition and atmosphere, setting the reader in a solemn mood. The poet also gives birth to real aphorisms: “A thought expressed is a lie.” This expression today can often be found without reference to the author, because it has become a truly popular catchphrase. In addition, Tyutchev creates gentle alliteration: “They will be deafened by the external noise.” This sound effect gives the feeling of a whisper.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!1. Theme of the poem: feelings, human soul (the title of the poem is translated as “silence”); 2. Main idea: a person should pay attention to the feelings of another person, and not to words (a person’s feelings are sincere than words); 3. Lyrical hero: a person who calls not to open your soul to other people in order to avoid misunderstanding; 4.
Means of expression: gradation (be silent, hide and hide), polyunion (both feelings and dreams), epithet (spiritual depth), personification (they get up and go), epithet (silently admire), comparison (like stars in the night), epiphora in quatrains (...and be silent), assonance (admire Him AND be silent, that is, repetition of vowel sounds), rhetorical questions (how can the heart express itself? How can another understand you? Will he understand how you live?), metaphor ( disturb the keys), metaphor (feed on them (the keys)), assonance (feed on them AND be silent), inversion (just know how to live within yourself), inversion and hyperbole (the whole world in your soul), epithet (mysteriously magical thoughts), personification (noise will deafen), alliteration (outside noise will deafen), epithet (daylight rays), inversion (daylight rays will disperse); 5. Genre - poem; 6. Size, rhyme: meter - iambic tetrameter, rhyme - double); 6. My impressions: I liked this poem, its philosophical, even a little romantic, direction. But I do not agree with the idea put into this poem by the author. I believe that it is impossible for a person to always keep all his feelings and dreams to himself, without sharing them even with the people closest to him. I think a person should not isolate himself and live only in his inner world.
Below are several options for analyzing this poem, choose the one you like. The poem is known under the names Silentium, Silentium, Silence
Analysis of Tyutchev's poem Silentium
Fyodor Tyutchev was not a poet from his youth, he never even thought about this type of activity. In his mature years, Tyutchev became, and was subsequently for many years, a diplomat. Tyutchev began to create poems without thinking about fame or how to write and choose words more beautifully. He simply expressed his thoughts and feelings through lines of poetry. The poems came out beautiful, poetic and even sometimes romantic, depending on what thoughts and emotions were at that moment. Tyutchev is a very interesting figure who was able to achieve a lot in his business, and also in his interesting hobby, which later made him famous throughout the world. One of his work colleagues saw his poems and really liked them. This man begged Fyodor Tyutchev to publish some poems, at least a few. Tyutchev, at first reluctantly, but then nevertheless agreed, at least for the sake of the experiment.
The first poem that was published in ordinary magazines, read by all ordinary citizens, “Silentium!” This work is being translated from Latin into Russian - be silent. It was not for nothing that Tyutchev wrote this poem, because with many expressions and the title itself he wanted to somehow express his opinion that one should remain silent, no matter the cost. Because feelings and emotions may not be understood by someone, and therefore you need to remain silent and not talk about your real feelings at the moment. The work is very strong in terms of philosophical expressions and reflections on the meaning of silence, and why it is important to do so.
It was in 1830 that this work was published, the title of which is in Latin. There was information that Tyutchev wrote this work on the eve of something bad, because in his soul he felt something bad. Tyutchev, without knowing it himself, after a few years became the very founder of Russian romanticism.
Analysis of Tyutchev's poem Silence
Fyodor Ivanovich (1803-1873) was initially engaged in the activities of a diplomat (educated at Moscow State University), he wrote poems for himself, found peace and a release of emotions in a pleasant activity. But still, he began to publish his creations. Tyutchev goes on a working visit to Munich and stays for 22 years, where he meets his future wife named Eleanor Peterson. His creative direction: romanticism and Russian lyrics.
Tyutchev wrote the poem “Silence” in 1830 (it was believed that he dedicated it to Eleanor and it was written much earlier). The poem is presented a little tragically, in it the author talks about silence, about the fact that all deep feelings should be kept to oneself. He believes that it’s safer this way; to preserve beauty, you need to touch it less, namely, admire the moments, the amazing views. The author in paragraph 2 writes about how the heart can speak out, that is, he wants to voice a thought, but how to convey it in the right form is unclear, how one can get true understanding from other people is also a mystery.
It is said that a word spoken out loud is a lie, it can be understood this way: everything said out loud can be distorted by incorrect understanding, and the purity of thought will then be lost. Fyodor Ivanovich believes that by understanding yourself you can find happiness; the vast world lies within us, and external vanity prevents us from understanding ourselves. Also, the author in the last lines conveys the idea that you need to respect other people’s opinions.
Fyodor Ivanovich has an interesting perception of the environment. It is felt in “Silence” that there is fear in the author. Unfortunately, he later had a grief, from which he quickly turned gray - Eleanor died. It’s as if the author was afraid of losing happiness and this is what happened. Like many, he tries in his work to find the understanding of other people, the desire to be heard. Not everyone can relate to the lines.
The author has a little more than 400 hundred poems. He writes about nature, about feelings, about tragedy. Many of his works were included in the curriculum of schoolchildren of various classes. Dedicates poems to his beloved women, two dedicated to A.S. Pushkin. He had 9 children from different marriages. Also Tyutchev F.I. did not receive the title of professional writer; he was engaged in public service all his life. His author's period can be divided into categories: in his youth, poems are similar to the poetry of the previous century, 1820-1840, lyrical motifs, and then a more refined style.
Analysis of the poem Silentium Silence according to plan
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Analysis of the poem
1. The history of the creation of the work.
2. Characteristics of a work of the lyrical genre (type of lyrics, artistic method, genre).
3. Analysis of the content of the work (analysis of the plot, characteristics of the lyrical hero, motives and tonality).
4. Features of the composition of the work.
5. Analysis of means of artistic expression and versification (presence of tropes and stylistic figures, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza).
6. The meaning of the poem for the poet’s entire work.
The poem "Silentium!" was written F.I. Tyutchev in 1830. It had three editions. It was first published on March 16, 1833 in the newspaper “Molva” No. 33. Secondly (with an error in the 16th verse) it was published in “Sovremennik” for 1836. Then it was published for the third time - again in Sovremennik in 1854 and 1868, in the so-called “Sushkov-Turgenev edition”. "Silentium!" was L.N.’s favorite poem. Tolstoy. He included it in the “Reading Circle”, accompanied by the epigraph: “The more secluded a person is, the more he hears the voice of God always calling him.” In his collection of poems, Tyutchev marked “Silentium!” with the letter “G”, noting the special philosophical and lyrical depth of the work. D.I. was also very fond of this poem. Mendeleev, who quoted him in the preface to “Treasured Thoughts.”
The word “silentium” translated from Latin means “silence”, “silence”. However, researchers note that this word was used in Germany as a call to guests before toasts, a call to students for silence in the audience before a teacher’s speech or before a speech by one of the students. This meaning of the expression was probably also familiar to Tyutchev, who from 1822 served in Munich, at the State College of Foreign Affairs, and attended lectures at the local university. Thus, we discover a new meaning of the title - a call for concentrated listening, for full concentration of attention.
The work belongs to philosophical lyrics, its style is romantic, revealing the ambiguity of meaning. Genre: lyric poem. The famous researcher Yu. Tynyanov called Tyutchev’s poems lyrical fragments. We also note the oratorical, didactic intonations of the work, the possible influence on the style of his speeches by Cicero and ancient philosophers, with whose works the poet was well acquainted.
The main theme is the eternal confrontation between the external world and mental life. Researchers have repeatedly noted that the dualism and polarity of Tyutchev’s worldview are reflected in his works. The poet’s feeling and phenomenon, as a rule, are given along with the antipode. The poem “Silentium!” is constructed according to the same scheme. In the first stanza, the poet addresses an invisible interlocutor, perhaps a friend, perhaps himself. Here the action from the external world seems to be transferred to the internal world. The poet persistently and passionately convinces his interlocutor:
Be silent, hide and hide
And your feelings and dreams -
Let it be in the depths of your soul
They get up and go in
Silently, like stars in the night, -
Admire them - and be silent.
Energy and strong-willed pressure are conveyed in this stanza by verbs of the imperative mood (“be silent”, “hide” and “hidden”) and a special construction of the phrase, in which three sentences are combined into a single phrase. And already here we see a contrast between the internal and external worlds. The poet correlates inner life with the night; he compares feelings and dreams with silent night stars. So in this comparison, with light strokes, Tyutchev the romantic designates the “signs” of the life of the soul: subtlety, elusiveness, vagueness, uncertainty and unpredictability of our desires, thoughts, dreams. At the same time, “feelings and dreams” here acquire a certain autonomy and significance - they live an independent, full life: they “get up” and “go in.” Sometimes a person himself is not able to understand his own feelings - this is precisely the conclusion that the first stanza of the poem leads us to.
The second stanza represents an appeal from the inner world to the outer world, and then, on the contrary, back to the inner. Energetic pressure and persistence are replaced by cold reasoning and logic. First, the poet poses rhetorical questions that raise doubts about the very possibility of fruitful contact between the world of the heart and the world of external life. This doubt is emphasized in the text by the particle “li”. These questions play the role of a kind of thesis in the poet’s reasoning:
How can the heart express itself?
How can someone else understand you?
Will he understand what you live for?
Then he gives a clear answer to his questions:
A spoken thought is a lie,
Exploding, you will disturb the keys...
Mental life is here compared to unclouded keys. In this, again, Tyutchev emphasizes her autonomy and whimsicality. Feelings and experiences sometimes completely dominate a person, completely subjugating his external behavior. This was obviously the poet’s own worldview. In addition, a person is not able to convey his true thoughts and feelings. There is an insurmountable gap between consciousness and speech. And this is one of the laws of human society that we must accept. And as a final conclusion, the appeal to the interlocutor follows again: “Feed on them - and be silent.” Here one can guess the idea of self-sufficiency of the individual. Man, according to Tyutchev, is a whole world, the depths of his consciousness and soul are endless. He must find the desired harmony in his own soul.
And this is exactly what the poet talks about in the third stanza:
Just know how to live within yourself -
There is a whole world in your soul
Mysteriously magical thoughts;
They will be deafened by the outside noise,
Daylight rays will disperse, -
Listen to their singing and be silent!..
The poet’s thought here returns to the first stanza. As noted by N.F. Queen, “mysteriously magical thoughts are... romantic dreams, shades of states, which are so interesting for the young romantic imagination to eavesdrop on in oneself. In adulthood, they may make you smile, but they won’t be funny if they were sincere. They can’t stand contact with real life.” A person must have a special “subtlety of hearing” in order to fully enjoy the magical “singing” flowing at certain moments in his soul. External life here is correlated with daytime: it is transparent, simple and understandable. In addition, she is fussy and noisy: “They will be deafened by the outside noise.”
The idea of the work echoes the main idea of the passage by V.A. Zhukovsky "The Inexpressible". The latter writes about the artist’s limited ability to “hold the beautiful in flight”:
Barely, barely one of her features
With effort you will be able to catch inspiration...
But is it possible to transfer living things to the dead?
Is the inexpressible subject to expression?
According to Zhukovsky, the artist’s soul is the only repository of direct impressions and living feelings: “Holy sacraments, only the heart knows you.” The artist is subject only to the external designation of a phenomenon (“what is visible to the eyes”), but not the transmission of its deep essence (“This enchanting voice, heard by one soul”). Tyutchev the romantic, it seems, goes further than his predecessor. A person is not able to convey his thoughts and feelings to others, the soul is inexpressible in words - this is the opinion of this poet. It was in this regard that many critics perceived this work. Thus, V. Gippius wrote about Tyutchev: “In the mythology with which his poems are filled, the bright goddess Freedom also takes its place... But her appearance is unclear, just as the whole poetic theme in Tyutchev’s poetry of these years is unclear - “the poet and the people.” " And next to the greeting to public freedom appears the deeply gloomy poem “Silentium!”..., in which sharp formulas are given that separate the “I” not only from Pushkin’s “uninitiated” mob, but also from any kind of human communication...”
Compositionally, the work is divided into three parts (post-strophically), each part “is completely closed in itself – in meaning, intonation, syntactically and musically. The connection between the parts lies only in the development of lyrical thought, which... constitutes the lyrical plot...<….>The only formal detail with which the poet allows himself to reinforce and emphasize the unity of the three parts is the persistently repeated rhymes and the last lines...” The poem begins and ends with the motif of silence: “Be silent, hide and hide” - “Listen to their singing and be silent.” In this regard, we can talk about a ring composition.
The poem is written in iambic tetrameter (with the inclusion of amphibrachium), sextins, and the rhyme scheme is paired. The poet uses very modest means of artistic expression: epithet (“mysteriously magical thoughts”), comparison and metaphor (“Let them rise and set silently in the depths of their souls, like stars in the night...”). We find words of high style (“one”, “stars”), aphorisms (“How can someone else understand you?”, “An uttered thought is a lie”), alliteration (“They will be deafened by the outside noise”).
"Silentium!" clearly characterizes Tyutchev as a poet-philosopher and romantic poet. In terms of the depth of content of philosophical thought, it echoes such works of his as the poems “Oh, my prophetic soul!”, “We are not given to predict,” “My soul is an Elysium of shadows.”
1. See: Koroleva N.F. F. Tyutchev “Silentium!” Poetic structure of Russian lyrics. L, 1973, p. 147–159.
2. Koroleva N.F. F. Tyutchev. "Silentium!" Poetic structure of Russian lyrics. L, 1973, p. 147–159.
3. See: Gippius V. Introductory article. – Tyutchev F.I. Poems. L., 1936.