A greenhouse with high-quality heating allows you to grow various plants at any time of the year. Greenhouse heating can be implemented by several methods using various heat carriers. When choosing an option, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of the greenhouse, dimensions and available energy resources.
One of the best options to warm up a greenhouse is to lay a heating line under a layer of soil. Source zaggo.ru
It is imperative to calculate which particular coolant will be economically beneficial for the installed greenhouse or structure to be erected. Consider the availability of energy resources and their cost, in what periods the greenhouse will be operated - only in spring and summer or all year round. When choosing a furnace, one must remember about the functionality of the design and thermal power. By making the right calculations and using high-quality materials, you can get an excellent and durable result. Thanks to even a small greenhouse, you can provide yourself with fresh herbs and vegetables all year round. When installing large greenhouses, it becomes possible to start your own business.
Heating options
Most heating systems are powerful enough and it is advisable to use them only in those structures that are used not only in early spring, but throughout the year.
Common Heating Methods:
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heating cable;
gas gun;
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electric heaters.
The water heating system is more often used for large greenhouses Source stroyfora.ru
Gas guns are considered a good way of heating, which are small in size, quickly warm up the room with minimal fuel consumption, are safe to operate and very efficient. Using electricity, the main heating element is recommended to use infrared heaters that do not dry the air. For year-round and large greenhouses, it is preferable to use brick ovens, as they heat up longer, but hold heat well and then cool down for a long time, maintaining a stable temperature. The air will not dry out, the humidity remains at the required level. The metal heats up quickly, but as long as there is a fire, and such a furnace has a small heat capacity, it dries the air, it is additionally recommended to use a water circuit.
Metal ovens
mobility and the possibility of using for several months, and then it can be removed;
no foundation required, occupy a minimum of space;
favorable cost material;
connectivity water circuit;
simple and fast installation.
Mobile metal furnace for air heating Source th.decorexpro.com
However, it is impossible to automate the processes and it is necessary to heat manually, it is required to install a container with water. Installation of the furnace is carried out inside the structure or in a separate room with the output of the circuit. The chimney can be located in the greenhouse, the slope is at least 15 degrees. For this, an uninsulated metal pipe is used; heat-insulated boxes are installed in the roof for the exit.
The furnace is installed in several stages:
ground preparation;
installation of the furnace on the base;
connection of the chimney using a heat-resistant sealant, the narrowing of the chimney must not be allowed;
loop connection, if required.
Furnaces that are equipped with a water heat exchanger must not be operated without a filled system.
brick ovens
Heating for a greenhouse using a brick stove is mainly used for year-round use. This heating model is effective even in very cold weather due to its high heat capacity. Any stove can be used, but its thermal power is fully consistent with the heated area.
A brick oven is a capital structure designed for many years of operation. Source teplicno.ru
Brick laying occurs according to the following scheme:
creation of high-strength foundation with reinforcement, for this part of the soil is removed, the bottom is covered with sand, formwork is made, it takes at least three weeks to dry, the surface must be constantly moistened;
masonry furnace, ashpit, smoke channels.
The masonry stage has its own difficulties and peculiarities, therefore, it is necessary to entrust the work to a qualified specialist who has the appropriate experience. In the process of work, it is necessary to install doors, dampers.
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of installing stoves and fireplaces.
Water heating
This option can be implemented in several ways - installing a separate boiler or connecting to a house system. In the second case, a separate circuit is made to turn it off and drain the water. If a separate system is installed, then it will be necessary to install the boiler taking into account the available and profitable fuel.
Gas models are the most convenient and economical, they can maintain the set temperature. Combustion products are removed by a coaxial chimney. Solid fuel models may have different modifications. Also an economical option, but there is practically no possibility of automation and constant monitoring is required. Electric models that maintain the temperature around the clock have high automation indicators. They are small, safe and completely silent. However, there is a downside - the cost of electricity.
Whatever furnace is used, the principle of operation of water heating remains unchanged. Source fermer.ru
Such heating in the greenhouse occurs according to one scheme, regardless of the boiler. Availability required the following items:
filters, safety group, pump;
radiators, pipes, expansion tank;
balancing valve;
heat accumulator.
Connection is carried out according to the following scheme:
Chimney. For gas and solid fuel models only.
Radiators. Heating elements.
Tank. Used for forced system, installed in front of the pump or boiler outlet.
Security group. Includes air vents, valves, gauges, manifolds and couplings. It is installed behind the boiler, where the highest pressure and temperature values \u200b\u200bare noted.
Pump. Maintains pressure in the entire system, mounted in front of the boiler on the return line.
Crimping air.
If the system has passed the test, then the coolant is poured into it and the boiler and a test run is carried out, air is bled, and balancing is carried out.
Video description
About the water heated floor in the winter greenhouse, see the video:
Choosing the optimal boiler
It is necessary to choose a boiler model taking into account the size of the installed greenhouse, as well as the crops grown. If there is gas, then it is better to use gas models. For year-round models, solid fuel boilers are a good option. For small greenhouses with periodic use, the installation of a solid fuel boiler is not suitable. It is much more profitable to put an electric low-power one. It does not require space and the construction of a chimney, the cost of electricity is minimal.
When using radiators, a number of calculations are required. To achieve a good result and maintain a constant microclimate, you should contact a specialist. In this case are taken into account:
dimensions buildings;
thermal power;
amount radiators.
Sections must be distributed throughout the greenhouse in several rows. It is better to opt for low radiators for good soil heating.
Source th.decorexpro.comElectric heating
Basically, special infrared-type heaters are used, they warm up the soil, maintain the temperature and are distinguished by minimal costs. Sometimes other options may be used. The calculation should be carried out by a specialist, taking into account all the features of the greenhouse and plant varieties. Elements are evenly distributed throughout the room. Selected models are suspended from the ceiling and connected to the network. When using temperature sensors, you can fully automate the heating process and save additional money.
Source m.yukle.mobiSolar batteries and biological heating
If you are interested in the simplest heating of a greenhouse, then you should choose solar batteries. This is the cheapest option, which uses only solar energy. The greenhouse is located in an open area where there is no shade from other buildings or trees. The greenhouse itself is built from polycarbonate with a cellular structure, creating a greenhouse effect. All cells are insulated and contain air. Glass can also be used. The greenhouse must be erected in an arched type, and it must be placed on the east-west line.
When used correctly, greenhouse bioheating shows excellent results. Source plantu.ru
The following works are carried out around the greenhouse:
digging a pit WxD 30x40 cm;
insulation is laid, for example, polystyrene foam;
sand is poured, film and earth are on top.
The design accumulates heat, but this method can only be used on sunny days.
The second option is biological materials and the principle of their decomposition. Horse manure is often used, it is heated to 70 ° C and maintains this temperature for at least 4 months. Straw is added to lower the temperature.
Source vse42.ruCable heating
It does not take up space inside the structure, the cable is laid as for a warm floor, warms up the soil well, allows you to maintain different temperature conditions, which increases productivity. It features easy installation and ease of temperature control with minimal power consumption. Mainly used in industrial greenhouses.
Electric underfloor heating - fully automated heating system Source istroyka.com
Heat guns
It is considered a simple option without the need to develop and implement complex structures. Suspended from the ceiling and connected to the network, after which it can be used immediately. The air does not harm plants, it is distributed by a fan. There are various types of guns that run on gas, diesel or electricity.
Most often, heat guns are still used as a temporary solution, because the earth warms up weakly with such heating. Source klimasklep.pl
air heating
A primitive version with the installation of a pipe that leads to greenhouses, and on the other hand a fire is made. The length of the pipe must be at least 3 m, and the diameter must be 30 cm. The pipe can be made longer and additionally perforated, carried further inward for greater effect. The big disadvantage is the need to constantly maintain the fire, so the option is mainly used as an emergency. Such a heating system does not warm the soil, since pipes are mounted under the ceiling to protect plants from hot air.
This method of heating differs from heat guns only in a more uniform distribution of heat. Source prostanki.com
Thermal fans
A fan can be installed to distribute the air, eliminating the need for a piping system. The air warms up quickly enough, the fan can be moved throughout the greenhouse or several pieces can be installed. However, currents of very hot air can burn plants, and the fan itself is able to heat small areas, so it is necessary to install several fans that consume a lot of electricity.
Another “emergency” heating method to be used with caution Source tarlasera.com
A good greenhouse with the right calculations will allow anyone to not only grow herbs and vegetables for their table, but also run their own business. Materials and technologies will make it possible to operate the greenhouse all year round even in severe frosts. But the main requirements remain a good heating system and lighting, the only way to get a good result.
Modern advances and industry offer a wide range of ways to heat greenhouses. Some options are only suitable for warm regions, others can be used all year round. They differ in installation features, costs, fuel used. When choosing a heating option, it is required to carry out certain calculations, take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe greenhouse and the crops grown. The greenhouse can be used not only for seedlings or early harvest, but also for the cultivation of flowers and seedlings.
Additionally, the greenhouse can be equipped with automatic irrigation and a temperature control system.
Video description
The option of combining stove heating and fans in the following video:
Even on our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of arranging winter gardens. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Conclusion
It is very important when building a greenhouse, choosing a heating system, plants and heating elements, be sure to consult with experts on all issues. Remember that the slightest mistake can lead to negative results - a poor harvest and slow development of plants. It is also important to choose the right materials from which the structure will be built. Consider absolutely all the factors that can affect the operation of the greenhouse. Consider which heating option is best for you, available resources and fuels.
If you plan to use your greenhouses in the winter, consider arranging heating before the first cold weather approaches. The easiest way to solve the problem is when a heating main is laid under the site. In such a situation, it remains only to choose a place to connect and install suitable batteries in the greenhouse.
In other cases, the problem of heating has to be solved on its own. There is nothing difficult in this. A wide variety of systems are available, so you can easily organize the most efficient heating that best suits your particular greenhouse.
Before proceeding with the arrangement of any kind of heating, the greenhouse must be properly insulated.
First step. Dig a hole about 15 cm deep over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe greenhouse, or at least in free places.
Second step. Cover the bottom of the pit with thermal insulation material. Usually foam boards are used.
Third step. Cover the insulation with a waterproofing film, polyethylene is usually used.
Fourth step. Fill the resulting "pie" with a small layer of sand, and then the earth dug at the very beginning.
Thanks to such a device, satisfactory conditions will be maintained in the greenhouse even at a temperature outside the window of -5-10 degrees. However, this solution cannot be considered as a full-fledged heating. This is elementary thermal insulation, which must be used in combination with other heating methods.
Small greenhouses can be heated with primitive air units. All the necessary elements are available at any summer cottage or are sold at a hardware store for a penny.
First step. Buy or find an unwanted steel pipe on the farm. A product with a length of about 250 cm and a diameter of about 60 cm is suitable.
Second step. Insert the end of the pipe into the greenhouse room. The other end of the pipe must be brought outside. A fire is made under the "street" end of the pipe.
The outdoor air will be heated by the flame of a fire and get into the greenhouse through a pipe. Heating is really very simple in its organization, but you can’t call it convenient. First, for the system to work, you need to keep the fire burning. Secondly, it will not work to regulate the intensity of heating and the temperature in the greenhouse.
Heating with gas
Gas-based heating has many advantages. On the modern market there are a wide variety of units and devices with which you can organize the most efficient heating in accordance with the needs of a particular user. In addition, gas is one of the most cost-effective sources of energy.
If you plan to constantly heat your greenhouses with gas, you will have to buy a boiler and lay the necessary pipes. This will require a relatively large amount of money. Additionally, you will have to spend money on the installation of a high-quality ventilation system.
If there is no need for a full-fledged gas heating device, buy several cylinders of fuel and equip the heating system based on them.
Traditional stove heating is characterized by high efficiency and relatively simple arrangement. For example, you can build without special financial investments oven with a horizontal chimney.
First step. Lay out the firebox of the stove in the vestibule of your greenhouse. Performed traditional brickwork.
Second step. Lay a chimney under the beds or along the length of the greenhouse. It can also be laid under the racks.
Third step. Lead the chimney through the greenhouse wall. Consider the placement of the pipe so that it can effectively remove the products of combustion of the fuel, while passing over areas that need heating.
Place the stove in such a way that its firebox is at a distance of at least 25-30 cm from the end wall of the greenhouse.
You can also make a furnace from a metal barrel.
First step. Prepare a metal barrel with a volume of about 250 liters. Cover the inner walls of the container with two layers of paint so that the material does not rust.
Second step. Mark and cut holes for the stove, chimney, drain cock (installed at the bottom) and expansion tank (placed at the top).
Third step. Weld the stove (usually they make a rectangular structure of sheet steel in accordance with the dimensions of the barrel) and install it in a container.
Fourth step. Remove the chimney from the barrel. The length of the "street" part of the pipe must be at least 500 cm.
Fifth step. Attach the expansion tank to the top of the barrel. You can buy a ready-made container or weld it yourself from sheet metal. A tank of 20-25 liters will suffice.
Sixth step. Weld heating units of suitable length from profile pipes with dimensions of 400x200x15 (focus on the dimensions of the greenhouse). The pipes themselves must be laid on the ground with a step of about 120-150 cm.
Seventh step. Buy and install a hydraulic pump. The system will be heated using water, so it will not be possible to do without a pump.
Any firewood is suitable for the firebox of such a stove. For maximum efficiency, install an electronic temperature sensor in the greenhouse, and for greater convenience, place a digital control panel in the house or other suitable place.
A simple and fairly effective greenhouse heating can be built on the basis of an empty fire extinguisher with a cut off top.
First step. Fix on the bottom of the case a heating element (heating element) with a power of about 1 kW. Usually, heating elements of electric samovars and other similar devices have the same power, so there will be no problems finding the necessary part.
Second step. Attach the cut off top of the fire extinguisher to its body with the help of loops.
Third step. Connect two water pipes to the fire extinguisher body. The second ends of these pipes will be connected to the heating battery. Use nuts and rubber seals to fasten pipes.
Fourth step. Install the necessary automation tools. The optimal scheme is using a relay. For example, the MKU-48 model is suitable.
When the temperature in the greenhouse drops below the allowable value, the temperature sensor will close contacts K1 and water heating will begin. The liquid will give the generated heat to the greenhouse. When the water reaches the required temperature, the relay will be powered off and the heater will turn itself off.
You can try to make heating from a heating element and a number of pipes. Even used pipes will do. Recommended pipe sizes are given in the previous section.
The arrangement of such heating will require you to have skills in working with a welding machine.
For heating, a 50 l boiler with a 2 kW heater is suitable. When heated, the liquid will rise into the expansion tank installed above, and from there it will be fed into the laid pipes. Pipes should be laid with a slight downward slope.
First step. Prepare the base for the boiler. The functions of the base can be performed by a piece of pipe of a rather large diameter. A bottom with a flange must be welded to one side of such a pipe.
Second step. Connect the heating elements with an electric wire to the working plug. The wires must be insulated.
Third step. Install a sealing gasket at the joints of the boiler body with the flange.
Fourth step. Make an expansion tank out of metal sheets. A capacity of 25-30 liters will suffice. From both end sides and from the bottom of the tank, weld couplings through which the tank will be connected to the heating system and the riser of your homemade boiler.
Fifth step. Cut out a lid for adding water to the expansion tank.
Sixth step. Prepare the threads at the ends of the heating pipes and connect the pipes into a single system.
Seventh step. Ground the boiler. Grounding is carried out using a copper cable with 3 cores. Two of its cores are connected to the phases of the heating element. The remaining core is launched onto the body of the heating unit.
This heater, as already noted, can be placed in a convenient corner of the greenhouse. You can also allocate a place for the boiler in another room.
Heating with underfloor heating
If you have sufficient funds, you can organize the heating of the greenhouse with the help of a “warm floor”. Modern designs of heated floors are presented in several variations. Choose a suitable system, taking into account the area of the greenhouse and the main conditions for the further operation of heating. The most commonly used systems are made in the format of a waterproof heating mat.
First step. Remove about 40 cm of soil.
Second step. Fill the bottom of the resulting recess with a layer of sifted sand. A 5-10 cm layer of backfill will suffice.
Third step. Place insulation in the hole. It is best to use moisture-resistant materials such as polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, etc.
Fourth step. Lay waterproofing material on the insulation. Usually polyethylene film is used.
Fifth step. Spread about 5 cm of sand over the waterproofing. Moisten the filling with water. Wet sand must be compacted with high quality.
Sixth step. Lay the "warm floor" wire on top of the compacted sand backfill. Usually the heating element is laid in a "snake". Lay the cable in increments of about 15 cm.
Seventh step. Fill the installed heating system with a 5-10 cm layer of sand.
Eighth step. Lay a chain-link mesh on the backfill.
Ninth step. Fill the resulting "pie" with previously dug soil.
To ensure better and safer operation of the heating, it is recommended to connect a thermostat and a temperature control sensor to the warm floor.
Thus, there is nothing complicated in self-arrangement of heating a greenhouse. You just need to choose the appropriate option and do everything in accordance with the instructions.
Successful work!
Heating the greenhouse is the key to a rich harvest
Video - Do-it-yourself heating of a greenhouse in winter
A heated greenhouse is a great way to extend the growing season and fruiting of vegetables. There are several ways to equip a heating system, the choice depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe greenhouse and its purpose, as well as the resources available to you. You can install the heating system with your own hands.
It is advisable to install heating systems in year-round greenhouses or during early spring planting of vegetables, herbs and flowers.
Effective ways to heat greenhouses include:
- furnace heating, including with air and water circuit;
- water heating based on a solid fuel, gas or electric boiler;
- heating with a gas gun;
- electric heating with convectors or infrared heaters;
- heating the soil with a heating cable or water heating pipes.
The methods can be combined, for example, by installing stove heating as the main source of heating and a heating cable as an additional one.
When installing a boiler and installing a water heating system, soil heating is also done with water, connecting pipes with a separate circuit.
Heating with gas guns is quite effective - the room warms up quickly, and the gas consumption is small. The gun takes up little space and is quite safe to use.
When using electric heating as the main one, it is recommended to use infrared heaters - they heat the soil and the plants themselves without drying out the air. Convectors heat the air, while in the lower part of the greenhouse - in the root zone - the temperature remains low, and at the top - excessively high. For this reason, convectors are usually used only for temporary heating.
Prices for heat guns
heat guns
Furnace heating of the greenhouse
Furnaces for greenhouses can be metal or brick. The second option is preferable - the brick heats up longer, but at the same time it retains heat well and cools down for a long time, and the temperature in the greenhouse remains stable. When heated with a brick oven, the air does not dry out, the humidity remains at an acceptable level.
Metal stoves warm up quickly, but have a low heat capacity and heat only as long as the firewood is burning. At the same time, the walls of the devices become very hot and dry the air. For this reason, metal furnaces are often equipped with a water circuit with registers or radiators - the heated water in them cools down gradually, smoothing out temperature fluctuations.
Metal stoves for greenhouses
- metal stoves are mobile, they can be installed for several cold months, and removed in summer;
- they do not require the arrangement of the foundation and do not take up much space;
- by choosing a suitable model, you can connect a water circuit;
- the price of metal furnaces is not too high;
- installation and installation can be done by hand, even without the skills of laying furnaces.
Disadvantages of metal furnaces:
- the heating process cannot be automated, the furnace will have to be heated manually;
- metal stoves dry the air, so it is necessary to install water containers in the greenhouse to humidify the air.
You can install the stove both in the greenhouse itself, and in the vestibule or utility room, bringing the air or water circuit into the greenhouse. The chimney from a metal stove can be placed in the space of the greenhouse, setting it at an angle of at least 15 degrees - this will provide additional heating. In this case, an uninsulated metal pipe is used. To pass through the roof or wall of the greenhouse, it is necessary to use special heat-insulated boxes.
Long chimney creates additional heating
Note! When installing the stove, it is important to take care of its stability! If the stove topples over, it may cause a fire or damage to the greenhouse!
An overview of popular and inexpensive models of metal furnaces is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Furnaces for heating industrial greenhouses.
Models, illustrations | Short description |
---|---|
Compact and inexpensive furnace with the simplest possible design. Thermal power of 4 kW allows heating a greenhouse up to 80 m3, that is, an area of 25-30 m2. The body of the stove is made of steel, firewood is used as fuel. The surface of the stove can be used as a stove, for example, to heat water for irrigation or humidification. |
|
A small stove made of heat-resistant steel, equipped with side convectors that distribute warm air. Power 6 kW, designed for greenhouses up to 60 m2 in size. The firebox door has a viewing window with glass, which allows you to control the process of burning firewood. On the top surface there is a burner on which you can heat water. Fuel - firewood or incinerated garbage. |
|
Stove with a power of 5 kW for heating greenhouses with an area of up to 50 m2. Equipped with a casing with convection holes that contribute to uniform heat transfer. There is a burner on the surface. Fuel is wood. Differs in stability, the small sizes and weight. |
|
Power 6 kW, greenhouse area - 60-80 m2. The sides of the oven are protected by casings, so that they do not heat up to temperatures that are dangerous for plants. Casings are equipped with convection openings. The door is firmly locked, which eliminates smoke. A convenient ash box allows you to collect it and use it as fertilizer. |
|
Power 6 kW, area - up to 60 m2. The furnace is made according to the type of gas generator and has two combustion chambers. In the first one, firewood is burned, in the second, afterburning of flue gases takes place. The walls of the furnace are formed by hollow pipes. Cold air enters there from the bottom, heats up when the stove is fired and exits through the top. Due to constant air exchange, the stove does not overheat. Air ducts can be connected to the pipes, and the oven itself can be installed in an adjacent room. The furnace has a long burning mode - up to 10 hours. |
|
A 6 kW furnace for heating a greenhouse up to 60 m2 is equipped with a water jacket located around the walls of the furnace. Connected to the water heating system. The furnace works like a gas generator, equipped with a long burning mode. It has a compact size and high efficiency. As fuel, you can use any firewood, woodworking waste, branches, cardboard. Easy to maintain and safe. |
Note! The choice of furnaces for greenhouses is very large, when choosing, you need to pay attention to thermal power and functionality.
Installation of a metal furnace in a greenhouse
Step 1. Prepare a solid base of paving slabs, bricks or tightly packed earth. It is better to place the stove in the center of the greenhouse so that the heating is more even. Furnaces with an air or water circuit are placed in any convenient place, observing the fire-prevention distances indicated in the passport.
Step 2 Install the stove on the prepared surface, check whether it will be convenient to load firewood and remove ashes. If there is a main wall, the furnace is installed with the back wall to it.
Step 3 Connect the chimney of the desired diameter to the chimney using a heat-resistant sealant. The installation of the chimney must be carried out in accordance with the diagram. Narrowing of the chimney is not allowed.
Step 4 If necessary, connect a water or air circuit.
Note! Furnaces with a water heat exchanger must not be fired without a filled heating system, as this will damage it.
Brick stoves for greenhouses
Brick heating stoves are usually used in year-round greenhouses. Brick ovens can effectively heat a greenhouse even during the frosty winter months due to their increased heat capacity. Any heating stove is suitable for a greenhouse, the main thing is that the heat output matches the area. Below is the laying technology of a simple brick oven.
To build a brick oven you will need:
- solid ceramic brick - 220 pcs.;
- fireclay bricks - 80 pcs.;
- clay masonry mortar - 80 l;
- chamotte masonry mortar - 30 l;
- concrete for the foundation - 0.25 m 3;
- finished cast iron products - grate, furnace, blower and cleaning doors, smoke damper;
- scraps of roofing material or glass isol.
A sectional drawing of the furnace is shown in the figure. The height of the furnace to the chimney is 215 cm, the structure can be placed in almost any greenhouse of standard sizes. The horizontal dimensions of the furnace are 51x77 cm.
Step 1. Foundation arrangement. A solid foundation is required for any brick oven. It is made of reinforced concrete with a thickness of at least 20-30 cm. Under the foundation, soil is removed from an area of 70x100 cm to a depth of 35-40 cm. The bottom is leveled with coarse-grained sand with a layer of 20 cm, formwork from boards is installed around the perimeter. Reinforcement bars Ø12 mm are laid in the form of two rows of lattice with a step of 20 cm. Concrete is mixed and poured into the prepared pit. The foundation is dried for at least three weeks, moistening the surface from time to time.
Step 2 Ash pan and furnace masonry. Start laying the furnace according to the scheme. The first 4 rows are laid out of red brick on clay masonry mortar. Install the ash pan door, fixing it in the masonry with a wire.
Fastening the legs to the frame of the furnace door: 1 - door; 2 - frame; 3 - paws.
Overlapping of the furnace door: A - overlap; B - "to the castle"; B - wedge-shaped brick
Rows from 5 to 12 are laid out of fireclay bricks on a refractory mortar. In the 5th row, a grate is laid. In 6.7 and 8 rows, a furnace door is installed. Rows 9 to 12 form the vault of the firebox.
Step 3 Rows from 13 to 15 are also laid from fireclay bricks on a refractory mortar. Rows 13 and 14 cover the vault of the firebox, and a cleaning door is installed in 15. From the 16th row, the laying is again carried out with red brick. In the 16th row, the installation of the cleaning door continues. Rows 17 to 21 form smoke channels. In the 22nd row, they put the first smoke damper.
Step 4 Rows 23 to 27 continue the smoke channels. In the 28th row, the narrowing of the channel is laid out; in the 29th, a second smoke damper is installed. Rows 30 and 31 form the roof of the furnace. Starting from the 32nd row, they lay a chimney of the desired height from 4 bricks with dressing.
The process of laying the furnace is shown in detail in the video.
Brick prices
Video - Laying a small heating stove
Note! For greenhouses of low height, it is possible to build a stove with horizontally located smoke channels.
Water heating in a greenhouse can be done in two ways: by connecting the greenhouse to the heating system at home or by installing a separate boiler. The connection to the common system is performed by a separate circuit so that it can be turned off and the water drained.
In the case of installing a separate heating system, a boiler is installed in the greenhouse.
Depending on the most accessible and cheap fuel, this can be a boiler:
- gas;
- solid fuel;
- electric;
- universal.
A gas boiler is considered the most economical and convenient to use. It maintains the set mode automatically, while heating the greenhouse is inexpensive. To remove combustion products from gas boilers, a coaxial chimney is used, the surface of which practically does not heat up.
Solid fuel boilers, depending on the modification, can run on wood, coal and pellets. This fuel is also inexpensive, but the level of automation of most solid fuel boilers is low, they require constant monitoring and loading.
Electric boilers are characterized by a high level of automation, they can maintain the temperature in day and night mode. They are compact, silent and completely safe. They have only one drawback - the high price of electricity.
How to choose a boiler for a greenhouse
The choice of a boiler for a greenhouse depends primarily on its size and the type of crops grown. If there is gas on the site, it is more profitable and more convenient to heat a greenhouse of any area using a gas boiler. In non-gasified areas, you have to choose between other types of boilers.
In a year-round greenhouse with an area of more than 50 m 2, with available firewood, it is better to install a solid fuel boiler. In this case, the cost of its installation and installation of the chimney will pay off in 1-3 years.
In a small greenhouse with occasional use, it is not advisable to install a solid fuel boiler. It is easier to install a low-power electric boiler - it does not require a specially designated place and installation of a chimney, and the energy costs in this case will be low.
Polycarbonate winter greenhouses have long ceased to be a rarity: modern technologies make it possible to create the necessary microclimate in them and grow greens, vegetables and even berries for your table or for sale. Read more.
Calculation of the number of radiators
To ensure a favorable microclimate in the greenhouse, it is necessary to first determine the required number of radiators. The calculation for greenhouses with a height of less than 3 meters can be carried out according to a simplified scheme - by area.
The area is determined by the formula:
S = a*b
whereS - greenhouse area, m 2;a andb - length and width of the greenhouse, m.
The calculated thermal power of the greenhouse is determined by the formula:
P = S * 120,
whereP is the calculated thermal power, W;S - greenhouse area, m 2.
Calculation of the number of radiator sections:
n=P:p,
wheren is the number of radiator sections of the selected type;p is the thermal power of one section of the radiator, indicated in the data sheet, W.
The resulting number of sections is evenly distributed throughout the greenhouse, distributing them over several radiators.
Note! For greenhouses, it is better to choose radiators of minimum height - this way the root space and soil will fully warm up.
Installation of a water heating system
Regardless of the type of boiler chosen, the greenhouse water heating system is installed according to the same scheme.
In addition to the boiler, the system includes:
- pipes and radiators;
- circulation pump;
- expansion tank;
- security group;
- coarse filter;
- balancing valve
- in the case of heating several circuits - a collector unit.
For solid fuel boilers and high power greenhouses, it is also recommended to install a heat accumulator. The heating circuit connection diagram is shown in the figure.
Step 1. Boiler installation. To install a solid fuel boiler, it is better to equip a vestibule or boiler room. Gas and electric boilers are located directly in the greenhouse.
Depending on the type, the unit is installed on the floor or hung on a solid wall. For floor installation, it is necessary to prepare a solid horizontal base - a concrete foundation or paving slabs laid on a sand cushion.
Step 2 Chimney connection. This step is performed for solid fuel or gas boilers. For solid fuel boilers, a stainless steel sandwich chimney is used. It is brought out through the roof or wall in accordance with the scheme.
For gas boilers use a coaxial chimney. It is taken out directly through the wall at the installation site of the boiler. Due to the complete combustion of gas in boilers, the output is water vapor and carbon dioxide with a small content of other elements, so the smoke from gas boilers is not dangerous for the walls of the greenhouse and the respiratory organs of people.
Step 3 Connecting radiators to the heating system. Radiators are mounted on the walls, evenly distributing them throughout the greenhouse. An air valve is installed on each radiator - a Mayevsky tap, as well as valves with which you can block the flow of water into the radiator. Radiators are mounted according to the selected scheme. For the heating system, pipes Ø20-Ø25 mm are used.
Step 4 Expansion tank installation. For a forced circulation system, an expansion tank of a closed membrane type is usually used. It does not have strict requirements for the installation site. The membrane expansion tank is a sealed cylinder, the interior of which is separated by a polymer membrane. One part of the tank is filled with air, the other - with a coolant. With excessive heating and expansion of the coolant, the membrane bends, and the air in the other chamber is compressed. This equalizes the pressure in the system.
The tank is mounted in the system anywhere, usually immediately after leaving the boiler or in front of the circulation pump. Connection is made from below through the valve.
Step 5 Installation of the security group. The safety group consists of a pressure gauge, a safety valve and an air vent, which are placed on a steel manifold equipped with a coupling for connecting to the system. The safety group is connected immediately after the boiler in a place with maximum temperature and pressure.
Step 6 Installation of the circulation pump. The circulation pump is necessary to maintain a stable pressure in the system. It is installed on the return pipe before entering the boiler. A coarse filter must be placed in front of the pump.
Step 7 Pressurization with air. It is carried out to identify defects in equipment and installation. After the installation is completed, a special compressor is connected to the system, all Mayevsky valves and taps are closed, then the pressure indicated in the passport for the boiler and radiators is applied. After stabilizing the pressure, inspect all joints and nodes, check them with soap foam: apply it with a sponge to the joints and make sure that there are no bubbles.
After successful pressure testing, the boiler and the system are filled with coolant, and a trial run of the boiler is carried out. Air is bled using Mayevsky taps and the system is balanced using balancing taps on radiators.
Note! Gas and electric boilers with a high level of automation can be equipped with a circulation pump, expansion tank and safety devices. Before installing the system, carefully read the instructions for the boiler.
Prices for the circulation pump
circulation pump
Electric heating of the greenhouse
Infrared heaters are usually used to heat a greenhouse: they heat the soil and create a feeling of warmth, while objectively the temperature in the greenhouse can be moderate, and electricity costs are low. In some cases, other types of heaters are also used.
The calculation of the required number of infrared heaters is carried out according to a simplified scheme: for every 10 m 2 of a greenhouse, 1 kW of heater power is needed. For example, for a greenhouse with an area of 30 m 2, heaters with a total power of 3 kW are needed. This power is evenly distributed to several devices.
Infrared heaters are suspended from the greenhouse frame on brackets and connected to the electrical network. If necessary, heating can be automated by connecting temperature sensors located at a height of 80-100 cm. Light from heaters should not fall on the sensors, otherwise measurement errors may occur.
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A greenhouse is a great option for growing a variety of vegetables, as it creates unique climatic conditions that promote growth. In addition, the greenhouse allows you to get an early harvest, when it is still not warm enough outside for the full-fledged cultivation of vegetables. However, in order to create optimal conditions in the spring, the greenhouse needs heating, which will ensure the temperature is not lower than 18 degrees Celsius.
insulated greenhouse
- Solar heating and batteries;
- Air heating;
- Heating with gas;
- Heating with a solid fuel boiler;
- Stove heating;
- Water heating;
So, now a little more about the organization of each type of heating.
solar heating
solar heating
Main components:
- Photoelectric generator;
- Control block;
- Conversion block;
- Accumulator battery;
- The heat-releasing element is the consumer.
The principle of operation is as follows.Solar radiation affects the photovoltaic generator, which, when exposed to sunlight, begins to emit an electric current that enters the battery through the control unit, where it is accumulated and transmitted through the conversion unit to the heating element in the greenhouse.
The best option for the design of a greenhouse for organizing this type of heating is an arched transparent.
It is important to ensure the tightness of the greenhouse structure in order to eliminate drafts.
The photovoltaic generator is placed in a place that is lit from early morning, it immediately starts working to heat the greenhouse. The heating element is placed under a layer of soil. The battery is designed to store energy in order to heat the greenhouse at night. This heating option will allow you to maintain the required temperature in the greenhouse, even if it drops to 5 degrees outside at night..
The main disadvantage of such a system is the high cost of components.
Air heating of greenhouses
To implement it, you need an ordinary steel pipe with an internal diameter of about 60 millimeters and 3 meters long. One of the ends of the pipe through a hole in the wall is placed in the space of the greenhouse, and the other end is brought out into the street. Under it, a small fire is bred, the warm air from which heats the pipe and the air in it.
This method is simple, but completely inconvenient for implementation, since it is not possible to constantly maintain a fire.
Gas heating
Gas heating of the greenhouse
This method of heating consists in the installation of a gas-fired heating device. It is also necessary to purchase 2 gas cylinders. When the gas is burned, the air in the greenhouse will heat up and provide optimal conditions for the growth of vegetables.
The main problem of this method of heating is the accumulation of excess carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, which negatively affects the growth of vegetables.. Therefore, when implementing this heating system ventilation is required, providing additional air flow to maintain combustion.
Installation of a solid fuel heating boiler
Alternatively, you can install a solid fuel boiler in the greenhouse or next to it.
solid fuel boiler for greenhouse
In this case, the following components will be needed to install the heating system:
- Boiler;
- Pipe system;
- Several radiators.
The advantage of this option is that it does not require a constant load of firewood. Modern solid fuel boilers allow you to maintain combustion from just 2 fuel loads per day. The disadvantage is the need for additional installation of pipelines and heating radiators.
Furnace heating of the greenhouse
Stove heating is implemented if the greenhouse area is more than 15 square meters.
There are two layout options.
Option 1
This is a simple option, you will need:
- An ordinary small heating stove of the "potbelly stove" type;
- Chimney pipe;
- Chimney;
- Chalk or lime.
The stove is installed on one side of the greenhouse, and the chimney passes through the greenhouse and ends with a chimney that leads the combustion products outside the greenhouse. As a result, the chimney pipe heats up and gives off heat to the air in the greenhouse.
In this case, it is important to monitor the tightness of the chimney pipe, since the ingress of smoke into the greenhouse room is unacceptable. To detect a smoke leak as soon as possible, it is necessary to paint the pipe with chalk or lime - on a white surface, places that let smoke through will be clearly visible.
To ensure good draft, it is necessary to install a chimney pipe with an overestimation to the chimney- about 1.5-2 centimeters per linear meter of pipe.
For fire safety purposes, it is necessary to ensure the distance from the chimney to the racks with vegetables at least 15 cm distance. It is also necessary to place the stove, chimney and chimney at a distance of at least 25-30 centimeters from the walls of the greenhouse.
Option 2
The second option for stove heating is to lay a piping system.
For its installation you will need:
- Large barrel;
- Stove;
- Expansion tank;
- Drain valve;
- Pipes of rectangular (40x20 mm) or round section (up to 30 mm);
- Chimney pipe;
- Circulation pump.
A large barrel plays the role of a housing for the heating system. It fits the stove, expansion tank. The chimney from the stove goes outside the greenhouse in the form of a vertical 5 meter pipe.
ventilation installation required
The expansion tank is welded to the walls of a large barrel-case above the stove, so that the heat from burning firewood goes to heat the water. Pipes are welded to the expansion tank, which are laid along the perimeter of the greenhouse at a distance of 1-1.5 meters. Since the arrangement of the pipes is horizontal, it is not possible to realize the natural circulation of the coolant, therefore a small circulation pump is connected to the pipeline system.
With water heating, an almost constant air temperature in the greenhouse is obtained.
To implement this method, you will need the following components:
- Old big fire extinguisher;
- Heating element;
- Temperature sensor;
- Pipe system.
3 holes are cut out in the fire extinguisher body: for a hot pipe, for a return pipe and for installing a heating element. A pipe is drawn from the upper hole, which is laid in the upper part of the greenhouse, and a pipe runs from the lower hole along the bottom of the greenhouse. It is important to weld the heater and pipes tightly to eliminate water leaks.
The heating element is connected to the mains, the water is heated, and its natural circulation through the pipes is ensured. An important element of the heating system is a temperature sensor, which is installed in the greenhouse and measures the air temperature. When a certain value is reached, it turns off the heating element. When the temperature drops, the heating element starts working again. The result is an almost constant air temperature in the greenhouse.
Outcome
As you can see, there are a lot of options for heating a greenhouse. However, you should not get lost in this variety - you need to determine the optimal and most profitable for yourself, and then proceed with the installation work.
Video on how to make energy-saving greenhouse heating with your own hands
In this video you will learn how to make greenhouse heating in winter by installing infrared panels
The early crop is harvested from their greenhouse primarily due to its heating - after all, solar radiation is sufficient for most plants only in the summer months. But keeping a winter garden or growing fresh vegetables and exotic fruits in severe frosts is impossible without specially equipped heating in a greenhouse, because the lowest temperature that can only be in a greenhouse is + 18 ° C. And only warm impenetrable walls are indispensable here. The most budgetary option for heating a greenhouse is if a heating main passes under the summer cottage. Then it remains to find the right place, and the problem of how to make heating in the greenhouse is solved. In all other cases, heating greenhouses will be more difficult, but it is quite possible to do it yourself - the schemes and tips in this article will be extremely useful for this.
Option #1 - solar panels
It is possible to heat the greenhouse with the help of solar heat accumulators. First, they dig a 15 cm hole in the greenhouse and cover the ground with a layer of heat insulator, possibly polystyrene. A layer of polyethylene film is placed on top for waterproofing.
Then coarse-grained wet sand is placed on top and all this is covered with dug earth. This simple device makes it possible to maintain a satisfactory temperature in the greenhouse due to the accumulated energy of the sun, even at a temperature of - 10 ° C.
Option #2 - air heating
The easiest way to heat a greenhouse or hotbed is to equip primitive air heating:
- Step 1. A piece of steel pipe is taken with a diameter of 50-60 cm and a length of about 2-2.5 m.
- Step 2. One end of such a pipe must be inserted into a film greenhouse or a greenhouse, under the other, a fire should be made.
- Step 3. The fire now needs to be constantly maintained. The air will quickly heat up in the pipe, pass into the greenhouse and give off heat to the grown plants.
This method of building heating is really easy, but somewhat inconvenient due to the fact that the fire must be constantly maintained.
Option # 3 - heating with gas
The main advantage of gas is that it is more stable in terms of supply, but the final cost of products from the greenhouse can surprise. Therefore, if heating a greenhouse in winter with gas lasts only a few weeks, then it is not necessary to pull it from a residential building and purchase expensive pipes for this. It will be enough to take a couple of cylinders for this purpose - they will last for a long time.
It is only important to remember that an excess of carbon dioxide can adversely affect the condition of plants, and therefore such a greenhouse must be well ventilated. And to remove combustion waste, it is necessary to use an exhaust device so that a constant supply of oxygen to the greenhouse is ensured. And so that the lack of oxygen does not lead to the cessation of the combustion process and the release of gas into the air, it is advisable to use heating devices with an automatic protective device - the sensors will immediately work as soon as the gas supply to the burner stops.
Option # 4 - furnace heating
Unlike electric heating, classic stove heating is not so financially burdensome. So, you can build a simple greenhouse stove with a hog or a horizontal chimney with your own hands and at no special cost. Its device principle is quite simple:
- Step 1. A brick firebox is laid out in the vestibule of the greenhouse.
- Step 2. A chimney is laid out along the entire length of the greenhouse, either under the beds or under the racks.
- Step 3. This chimney is removed from the greenhouse on the other side so that carbon monoxide leaves, and all the heat remains inside the building. As a result, the distance between the end wall of the greenhouse and the firebox itself should be at least 25 cm, but from the garden bed or rack with plants to the top of the hog - from 15 cm.
Or in this way:
- Step 1. You need to take a large barrel, with a capacity of about 3 cubes, and paint it from the inside in 2 layers so that it does not rust.
- Step 2. Holes are made inside the barrel for a chimney, a stove, an expansion barrel on top and a drain valve on the bottom.
- Step 3. The stove is boiled and inserted into the barrel.
- Step 4. A chimney is removed from the barrel, and a pipe 5 meters high is placed on the street.
- Step 5. A home-made expansion tank of 20 liters is installed on top of the barrel, which is pre-cooked from simple sheet iron.
- Step 6. Heating is cooked from a profile pipe 40x20x1.5, and the pipes are laid out on the ground at a distance of 1.2 m. So they must be laid out so that the soil near the roots of the plants warms up well.
- Step 7. To circulate water in such a home-made heating system, a special, but inexpensive pump is purchased.
You can heat such a stove with any wood, and the drain tap at the bottom of the barrel can be used not only to drain water, but also for drip irrigation when the water itself has cooled. To control the temperature in such a greenhouse, you can install an electronic temperature sensor inside it, and the digital display itself can be installed right in the house.
Option #5 - water heating
Water heating for a greenhouse is one of the most profitable in material terms. And you can make a water electric heater with your own hands.
Method # 1 - a thermos from an old fire extinguisher
So, you will need the body of an old, already unnecessary fire extinguisher, the top of which will be cut off. Work order:
- Step 1. At the bottom of the case, you need to mount a heating element with a power of 1 kW, which can be taken from an electric samovar.
- Step 2. In order to be able to pour water into the electric heater, a removable cover is made on top.
- Step 3. Two water pipes must be attached to the body, which are connected to the radiator. It is necessary to fasten the pipes with rubber sealing gaskets and nuts.
In order for the heater to be automated, it is better to use such a circuit - with an AC relay, such as MKU-48 with a voltage of 220 V. As soon as the temperature sensor works, it will close contacts K1. The heater will begin to heat the water, and it will raise the temperature in the greenhouse. As soon as the water reaches the set level, the temperature sensor will immediately work and the power supply circuit of relay K1 will break, and the water heater itself will turn off. If the MKU-48 relay cannot be found, you can use the second circuit, where the relay has contacts that do not pass current less than 5A.
Method # 2 - heating element + old pipes
In this case, a small amount of old pipes, heating elements and an electric welding machine will be used. Everything will be made quickly and reliably.
So, in a convenient corner of the greenhouse, you need to install a boiler with a volume of about 50 liters and with an electric heater of 2 kilowatts. When heated, the water will rise into the expansion tank along the riser, and will be supplied to the heating system located around the entire perimeter. The system itself should be with a slight downward slope of the pipes.
Step 1. The boiler will need to be made from a piece of large diameter pipe, to which the bottom with a flange will be welded.
Step 2. The heating elements must be connected with a power cord to the plug and securely insulated.
Step 3. All joints between the flange and the body must be well sealed with a rubber gasket.
Step 4. An expansion tank with a volume of up to 30 liters is made from pipe scraps. Couplings are welded from below and from both ends for connection with the boiler riser and with the system.
Step 5. A lid for topping up water is cut out in the tank itself, because its level will need to be constantly monitored.
Step 6 A pipeline is made from metal pipes, at the ends of which it is necessary to make a thread in advance for a convenient connection.
Step 7. Now the boiler body must be grounded with a flexible three-core copper wire, which is rated for voltage from 500 V and without insulation. Both cores must be attached to the heating element phases, and the third core to the boiler body. By the way, for the period of cold weather it will be possible to use special screens made of foil or other heat-reflecting material.
The main thing is that during any installation of the heating system of a greenhouse or hotbed, observe all safety rules and strictly follow the instructions.
Method # 3 - installing a solid fuel boiler
The boiler itself can be located both in the greenhouse room and in a separate room. The advantage of the second option is that you can put firewood or fuel into the boiler without going into the greenhouse, and now it will not take up valuable space, like the fuel itself. And the downside is that the boiler also produces some heat energy, which would not be an extra greenhouse.
You need to put fuel into the heat generator 2 times a day - and that's it. And at the same time, such a boiler is absolutely fireproof, and therefore it can be safely left overnight without any control. In addition, fuel consumption is quite small.