Nekrasov devoted many years of his life to working on the poem, which he called his “favorite brainchild.” The writer accumulated material for the poem, as the author of the work admits, “word by word for twenty years.”
The prologue was published in the January 1866 issue of Sovremennik. The “Prologue” to the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” performs the function of exposition, that is, it introduces the reader to the general concept, facts, previous events described later in the work.
The introductions in the “Prologue” begin with fabulous, mysterious words - “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state.” From the first words it is already clear which country the poem will be about, well, of course, about Rus'. Seven men from the villages of Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Gorelova, Neyolova, Neurozhayki came together. The names speak for themselves: one is always without a harvest, the other is burned to the ground, and so on. Nekrasov uses “speaking” names of villages for a reason, but in order to draw the reader’s attention to the problem of serfdom.
The characteristics of each of the seven men speak for themselves: they are laconic and unhurried. Slow Pakhom, who needs to “put out” before uttering words, “gloomy, wayward” Prov. Nekrasov compares men to a bull:
The guy's a bull: he'll get in trouble
To the head, what a whim -
Stake her from there
You can’t knock it out: it resists,
Everyone stands on their own!
The author tells us that the Russian man is stubborn and persistent in achieving his goal. All the usual everyday activities were abandoned - so strong was the common concern that gripped the peasants to find those “who live cheerfully, at ease in Rus'.”
Here, in the “Prologue,” the fairy-tale plot begins. Pakhom picks up a chick that has fallen from the nest, the chick's mother flies in and asks to be released. And he redeems the chick with a tablecloth - self-assembled. So Nekrasov included three fairy-tale motifs in the “Prologue”: a talking bird, a ransom and a tablecloth - a self-assembled tablecloth, widespread in Russian folk tales. The men, who were originally hardworking and received a self-assembled tablecloth, did not ask for riches from the magic bird. And they asked for ordinary, modest, poor food: bread, kvass, cucumbers.
This is how the journeys across Rus' of hard-working peasants begin, wanting to find those “who can live well in Rus'.” When I started reading the prologue, I was so interested in the poem that I read it without stopping. With the prologue from the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the fairy tale will essentially go away. We, the readers, enter the world of real life. But it was the prologue that introduced us to this world of large dimensions - time and space.
Other works on the topic:
Poem: Who Lives Well in Rus'? Nekrasov conceived it as a folk book. He dreamed that it would be accessible to the people and understandable to them. For a long time, for many years, he saved and collected material, little by little, to study the life and way of life of the common people.
After the reform of the year, many were worried about questions such as whether the people’s lives had changed for the better, or whether they had become happy. The poem was the answer to these questions. Nekrasova Who lives well in Rus'. Nekrasov devoted years of his life to this poem on Where You Are Called.
The poem Who Lives Well in Rus' is the result of the author’s thoughts about the fate of the country and the people. Who can live well in Rus'? The poem begins with this question. Its plot, like the plot of folk tales, is structured as a journey of old peasants in search of the lucky one.
Central place in the works. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is interested in the peasant, his life, his fate. And a poem. Who can live well in Rus'? This is a peasant epic.
In all his works. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov addresses the people. And a poem. Those who live well in Rus' are no exception. Nekrasov brought poetry closer to the people; he wrote about the people and for the people. The only judge for the poet is the people.
The poem Who Lives Well in Rus' is the central and largest work in his work. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. The work, begun in the year, was written over several years. Then the poet was distracted by other topics and finished the poem with Who Lives Fun.
The poems and poems of N. A. Nekrasov represent a genuine encyclopedia of Russian life of the 50-70s of the 19th century. They contain vivid pictures of rural and urban life. Nekrasov's most significant poems are those in which he glorifies folk life. Many of his poems became folk songs.
My answer to the question of Nekrasov’s wanderers. Author: Nekrasov N.A. “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is an epic poem, the final work of Nekrasov. The fate of the people, the fate of the Motherland - the poet pondered these questions. The poem widely covers folk life. Nekrasov wanted to depict all social strata in it: from the peasant to the tsar.
Author: Nekrasov N.A. The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is the pinnacle of N.A.’s creativity. Nekrasova. This is a work about the people, their life, work and struggle. It took fourteen years to create, but Nekrasov never completed it. The peasant theme occupies one of the most important places in the poem. In it, Nekrasov shows the suffering of ordinary people, their lack of rights, helplessness, and inability to stand up for themselves.
My answer to the question of Nekrasov’s wanderers. Author: Nekrasov N.A. The crowning achievement of the work of the great Russian poet Nekrasov is his poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” The poet described the life of peasants after the abolition of serfdom. Love for his native land always tormented, tormented and burned Nekrasov. The poet understands that in life you have to fight for what is dear to you and never give up.
Nationality of the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'” Author: Nekrasov N.A. The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was conceived by Nekrasov as a folk epic. It reflects the thoughts and feelings, the life of ordinary people in post-reform Russia. At the same time, from the stories of peasants we learn about their life before 1861.
Author: Nekrasov N.A. The Russian people are gathering strength and learning to be citizens... N. A. Nekrasov One of the most famous works of N. A. Nekrasov is the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” glorifying the Russian people. It can rightfully be called the pinnacle of Nekrasov’s creativity. Written by the author in his mature years, it absorbed all his love for ordinary people, sympathy for their difficult lot, and deep knowledge of peasant life and customs.
The image of Matryona Timofeevna in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by N.A. Nekrasov Author: Nekrasov N.A. “The Peasant Woman” picks up and continues the theme of noble impoverishment. The wanderers find themselves in a ruined estate: “the landowner is abroad, and the steward is dying.” A crowd of servants who have been released, but are completely unsuited to work, are slowly stealing away the master's property.
Old Rus' in the poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”: Obolt-Obolduev and Prince Utyatin. Author: Nekrasov N.A. Nekrasov’s latest folk epic is the huge poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” written in an extremely original meter. There is a lot of jokes in it, a lot of anti-artistic exaggeration and thickening of colors, but there is also a lot of amazing power and accuracy of expressions.
Author: Nekrasov N.A. In all his works, Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov addresses the people. And the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is no exception. Nekrasov brought poetry closer to the people, he wrote about the people and for the people. The only judge for the poet is the people. He both glorifies and condemns him for being downtrodden, unenlightened, for allowing himself to be treated like a thing.
The people's heart in the poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Author: Nekrasov N.A. Nekrasov conceived “Who Lives Well in Rus'” as “People’s Life.” Closely studying peasant life, he prepared to write this poem. In it he glorifies the Russian people, their generosity, heroism, and their enormous spiritual strength.
The meaning of happiness in N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” Author: N.A. Nekrasov What is happiness? Many philosophers of ancient and modern times have tried to answer this question. Later, psychology and art tried to explain happiness. So N.A. Nekrasov, in his poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” tried to reveal this mysterious term to us.
L.A. ROZANOV POEM N.A. NEKRAOVA “WHO LIVES WELL IN Rus'” In her work on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Lyudmila Anatolyevna Rozanova strives to give a holistic impression of Nekrasov’s poetic world, analyzes the properties of his creative manner, and shows a new type of poet. Also discussed here are issues of Nekrasov’s innovation, the artist’s openness to the world, his desire to work, free manifestations of talent, and a sense of responsibility for the fate of his homeland.
In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nekrasov, as if on behalf of millions of peasants, acted as an angry denouncer of the socio-political system of Russia and pronounced a severe sentence on it. The poet painfully experienced the submissiveness of the people, their downtroddenness, darkness.
The poem addresses the most important question about modernity: “The people are liberated, but are the people happy?” and what are the paths leading to people's happiness.
The poem "Who lives well in Rus'?" - a work about the people, their life, work and struggle. A poet of peasant democracy, a comrade-in-arms of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, Nekrasov could not pass by in his poem those who selflessly fought for the freedom of the people.
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” occupies a central place in the work of N. A. Nekrasov. It became a kind of artistic result of more than thirty years of literary work of the author.
Princess E.I. Trubetskaya (based on the poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Russian Women”) Author: Nekrasov N.A. For some reason, when people in Russia talk about a woman’s feat for the sake of love, they immediately remember the wives of the Decembrists who followed their husbands to hard labor in Siberia.
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created in the mid-70s, during the period of a new democratic upsurge, when Russia was on the verge of revolution. The Narodniks, who preached revolutionary ideas, placed all their hopes on the peasantry. But the peasant masses remained indifferent to the revolutionary preaching of the populists.
Nekrasov is, first of all, a people's poet, and not only because he speaks about the people, but because the people told them. The very name of the poem suggests that it shows the life of the Russian people.
"" (based on Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'"). The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is the pinnacle of Nekrasov’s creativity. This work is grandiose in its breadth of concept, truthfulness, brightness and variety of types. The plot of the poem is close to the folk tale about the search for happiness and truth. But the peasants who set off on the journey are not wanderers and pilgrims.
In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nekrasov, as if on behalf of millions of peasants, acted as an angry denouncer of the socio-political system of Russia and pronounced a severe sentence on it. The poet painfully experienced the submissiveness of the people, their downtroddenness, darkness. Nekrasov looks at the landowners through the eyes of the peasants, without any idealization or sympathy, drawing their images.
Nekrasov devoted many years of his life to working on the poem, which he called his “favorite brainchild.” The writer accumulated material for the poem, as the author of the work admits, “word by word for twenty years.”
The prologue was published in the January 1866 issue of Sovremennik. The “Prologue” to the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” performs the function of exposition, that is, it introduces the reader to the general concept, facts, previous events described later in the work.
The introductions in the “Prologue” begin with fabulous, mysterious words - “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state.” From the first words it is already clear which country the poem will be about, well, of course, about Rus'. Seven men from the villages of Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Gorelova, Neyolova, Neurozhayki came together. The names speak for themselves: one is always without a harvest, the other is burned to the ground, and so on. Nekrasov uses “speaking” names of villages for a reason, but in order to draw the reader’s attention to the problem of serfdom.
The characteristics of each of the seven men speak for themselves: they are laconic and unhurried. Slow Pakhom, who needs to “put out” before uttering words, “gloomy, wayward” Prov. Nekrasov compares men to a bull:
The guy's a bull: he'll get in trouble
To the head, what a whim -
Stake her from there
You can’t knock it out: it resists,
Everyone stands on their own!
The author tells us that the Russian man is stubborn and persistent in achieving his goal. All the usual everyday activities were abandoned - so strong was the common concern that gripped the peasants to find those “who live cheerfully, at ease in Rus'.”
Here, in the “Prologue,” the fairy-tale plot begins. Pakhom picks up a chick that has fallen from the nest, the chick's mother flies in and asks to be released. And he redeems the chick with a tablecloth - self-assembled. So Nekrasov included three fairy-tale motifs in the “Prologue”: a talking bird, a ransom and a tablecloth - a self-assembled tablecloth, widespread in Russian folk tales. The men, who were originally hardworking and received a self-assembled tablecloth, did not ask for riches from the magic bird. And they asked for ordinary, modest, poor food: bread, kvass, cucumbers.
This is how the journeys across Rus' of hard-working peasants begin, wanting to find those “who can live well in Rus'.” When I started reading the prologue, I was so interested in the poem that I read it without stopping. With the prologue from the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the fairy tale will essentially go away. We, the readers, enter the world of real life. But it was the prologue that introduced us to this world of large dimensions - time and space.
The question of the first “Prologue” deserves special attention. The poem has several prologues: before the chapter “Pop”, before the parts “Peasant Woman” and “Feast for the Whole World”. The first "Prologue" is sharply different from the others. It poses a problem common to the entire poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” That is why I.V. Shamorikov and G.V. Krasnov consider it necessary to separate the “Prologue” from the first part. K.I. Chukovsky and I.Yu. Tvsrdokhlsbov object. Considering that in the journal text of 1866 the “Prologue” was not included in the first part, but was printed as an independent section, and that its task was to indicate the main character - the people, this “Prologue” should be highlighted.
The choice of plot is also determined by the writer’s desire to realistically depict the Russian village. The plot of the poem - a journey through his native country in search of truth and happiness - was distinguished by typicality, simplicity, and a clearly expressed folk, national character. The form of travel made it possible to introduce a wide variety of material into the poem. This form legitimized meetings, questions, detailed stories, descriptions, and presentation of the biographies of heroes. The problem of finding happiness connects all the pictures and scenes into a strong plot knot.
The plot-compositional structure is characterized and determined by the ideological content of the poem: the growth of the political consciousness of the people, its transition from spontaneous hatred to organized struggle. The depiction of serf reality, plot and. typologically emphasizing the collapse of noble rule (Obolt-Obol-duev, Shalapshikov, Utyatin, Polivanov, Glukhovsky), is contrasted with the development of the character of the peasant fighter, the seven men, the character of the people's leaders.
The Russian people are moving from rebellious actions - Yakim, Savely, Kudeyar - to organized struggle.
There is no main character in the poem. The seven men, as well as all the other characters, have meaning only as a part to the whole. All problems, all materials of life, all biographies of heroes are in dialectical interdependence. The unifying principle is not this or that hero, not the events of this or that family - noble, peasant, but the central ideological motive, to which everything is subordinated, including the composition, the order of the parts of the poem.
In accordance with the movement of the plan, the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is characterized by three types of plot construction. Initially, the development of the plot is based on the stories of the next “lucky ones”, with whom seven men meet. This is how the chapters “Pop”, “Happy”, “Landowner”, and the entire part “Peasant Woman” are constructed. In the same way. The chapter “Death” was written on the plan. However, each of these parts has its own peculiarity. The answers of the ion and the landowner are brief in volume and are a direct answer to the question of the peasants. These are monologue stories, occasionally interrupted by the men's remarks, the endings of the landowner's answer (“the great chain has broken”) - the ideological result of not only the chapter “The Landowner”, but also the entire first part of the poem.
The chapter “Happy” is complicated by the number of heroes talking about themselves. The chapter consists of ten short stories of various lime trees appearing one after another. Only Fedosei’s story about Girin and the introductory story of Yermil himself convey relatively large materials. Other generalizations are tiny, sometimes expressed in a few phrases.
Another compositional form of plot development is that Nekrasov focuses on revealing the situation, circumstances, and events that seven men encounter. They don't ask anyone anything, they
In his works, Nekrasov constantly turns to the fate of ordinary Russian peasant women. For example, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nikolai Alekseevich, using the example of the life of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, shows us the existence of village girls....
Grisha Dobrosklonov is a key figure in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Let me tell you a little about him. Grisha was born into the family of a poor clerk, a lazy and untalented man. The mother was a type of that same female image drawn...
"Oh, Muse! Our song is sung. Come, close the poet's eyes to the eternal sleep of non-existence, Sister of the people - and mine!" This, one of Nekrasov’s last poems, describes the love triangle of his poetry. A triangle that consists...
Limits have not yet been set for the Russian people: The worldly path lies before them. ON THE. Nekrasov In the life of every poet, days come when his talent is generously revealed to people, and he defiantly enters literature. Time passes, and his creativity...
Nekrasov called “Who Lives Well in Rus'” a poem. However, in terms of genre, it was not similar to any of the famous Russian poems. “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is a folk heroic poem. Nekrasov combined the features of three genres: the “peasant” poem,...
Nekrasov addresses epic poem genre, an ancient genre that was not widespread in contemporary literature for the poet.
In an epic poem, or epic, the foreground is not the life of an individual, but of an entire people. Nekrasov’s poem recreates the fate of the Russian people after the reform, as well as the people’s consciousness, the peasant’s view of the world.
A characteristic element of an epic poem is prologue, where they play a special role fairy-tale-fantastic images. This, for example, is a magic bird, a self-assembled tablecloth, as well as seven eagle owls, a raven, and the witch Durandiha. These images have symbolic meaning. For example, a self-assembled tablecloth is a symbol of well-being and earthly happiness.
In addition, in his work Nekrasov uses various genres of folk art. This fairy tale(about the self-assembled tablecloth - in the prologue), song(there are especially many of them in the parts “Peasant Woman” and “Feast for the Whole World”), epic(for example, the story about Savelia), cry(Matryona Timofeevna’s cry for Dyomushka), legend(“About two great sinners”), mystery(about snow, about an ax, about a castle, about an echo).
Let's look at some plot and compositional features poems. Nekrasov wrote his work in the form trips, which is typical for folk epic. To whom in Rus'...” opens the image pillar path, on which seven wandering men came together.
The poem is distinguished polyphonism. It includes many storylines. It contains the most different voices. Particular emphasis should be placed on the role polyphony in the chapters “Rural Fair”, “Drunken Night”, “Happy”, in the part “Feast for the Whole World”. The entire peasant Russia appears before the reader.
The poet uses such artistic means and techniques, How figurative parallelism, personifications, comparisons,constant epithets, and other artistic techniques.
Let's give examples. Resorting to figurative parallelism, Nekrasov likens the death of a baby to the death of a nightingale’s nest, the story of which opens the chapter “Dyomushka”:
The tree was lit by a thunderstorm,
And there was a nightingale
There's a nest on the tree...
Another parallel to the tragic event is the story of a swallow that builds a nest under the shore:
Oh, swallow! Oh, stupid!
Don't build nests under the shore,
Under the steep shore!..
Nekrasov also resorts to such a technique as negative concurrency:
It is not the winds that blow violently,
It is not mother earth that sways -
He makes noise, sings, swears,
Swaying, lying around,
Fights and kisses
People are celebrating!
Drawing the sun after the rain, Nekrasov resorts to personification: “The red sun laughs...”
The poet uses numerous comparisons. For example, the night is likened to a letter that the Lord writes in red gold in heaven:
Silent night is falling
Already out into the dark sky
Luna is already writing a letter
Lord is red gold
On blue on velvet...
Popular rumor is likened to the blue sea; “rainy clouds” are compared to “milk cows”.
In the poem there are constant epithets: “violent winds”, “high street”, “red sun”, “blue sea”.
Often in the poem words with diminutive suffixes: “darling”, “chicks”, “mother”, “young lady”, “lipochka”.
All these means give “Who in Rus'...” features, bringing together Nekrasov's poem with works of folk art.
Questions and tasks
1. Tell us about the history of the creation of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” When did the poet start working on this work? Did he complete it? What parts of the poem have reached us?
2. What era is reflected in Nekrasov’s poem? The life of which classes and social groups did the poet reflect? Why can we say that the life of Russia is shown in “Who is in Rus'...” from a historical perspective?
3. What contradictions of people’s life and people’s consciousness were reflected by Nekrasov in “Who is in Rus'...”? What is the author's position in the poem?
4. Name the main motives of Nekrasov’s poem and briefly comment on them. Which motif is the central, plot-forming one?
5. Determine the ideological and compositional meaning of the seven wandering men. Quote the beginning of the poem - a passage that characterizes this collective image.
6. Tell us about Yakima Nagy. How does the poet describe Yakima's appearance? What opposing traits are combined in this hero?
7. Why can we call Ermil Girin a lover of truth? Comment on the main episodes that reveal the spiritual appearance of this character.
8. What features of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina indicate that in her image Nekrasov embodied his ideal ideas about a peasant woman? List and briefly comment on the facts from Matryona’s life that indicate the tragedy of her fate; Give examples from the text of the poem. What artistic means does Nekrasov use to create the image of the heroine? Quote the statements of the pilgrim pilgrim and Matryona herself about women's happiness.
9. Why does Nekrasov call Saveliy’s grandfather “the hero of Holy Russia”? How did the hero’s heroism manifest itself? Why can Savely be called a hero of spirit?
10. Name and briefly describe peasant serfs. How exactly does their servility manifest itself? Is it true to say that among the slaves depicted in the poem there are only comic figures?
11. Describe the image of a priest. Can we say that the village priest is depicted by Nekrasov with sympathy? Support your point of view with examples from the text.
12. What features of the Russian nobility and noble life in general were reflected in the image of Obolt-Obolduev? What artistic techniques does Nekrasov use to create his image?
13. Why did the peasants nickname Prince Utyatin “the last one”? How does the poet describe the hero's appearance? How are the prince’s “eccentricities” manifested? What character traits does Nekrasov endow with Utyatin’s heirs?
14. What other landowners did Nekrasov portray in his work? Are there any virtuous people who have compassion for the people among the nobles described in the poem?
15. What is the role of the images of Savva and Grisha Dobrosklonov in “Who in Rus'...”? Which of the real people, close friends of the poet, became the prototype of Grisha Dobrosklonov? In what form does Grisha express his ideas? Who is the author addressing with his young hero?
16. Tell us about the folk calendar recreated by Nekrasov in “Who in Rus'...” How do pictures of nature relate to church holidays and folk signs? Give examples from the text.
17. Describe the genre “To whom in Rus'...” Was the genre of the epic poem widespread during the time of Nekrasov? What goals did the poet pursue when turning to this genre? What element of “Who in Rus'...” is characteristic of the epic poem? What genres of folk art did Nekrasov use in his work?
18. Describe the plot and compositional features of “Who in Rus'...” What underlies the plot of the work? How does the polyphony of the poem manifest itself?
19. What artistic means and techniques does Nekrasov use in “Who in Rus'...”? List them and give examples from the text of the poem.
20. Make a detailed outline on the topic: “Images of landowners and peasants in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”.”
21. Write an essay on the topic: “Traditions of folk art in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”.”
Topic 17. M.E.Saltykov-Shchedrin. Brief biographical information. Fairy tales