Composition
Most of all, Fet becomes close to Turgenev. Fet's first acquaintance with Turgenev took place in May 1853 in Volkovo. Then Fet, at the invitation of Turgenev, visited his estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, where Turgenev was in exile by government sentence. The conversation between them in Spassky was devoted mainly to literary matters and topics. Fet also took with him his translations from Horace’s odes. Turgenev was most delighted with these translations. Turgenev also edited a new collection of original poems by Fet. A new collection of Fet's poems was published in 1856. When a new edition of Fet's poems is published, he takes a year off from work and uses it not only for literary affairs, but also for traveling abroad.
Fet has been abroad twice. The first time I went hastily – to pick up my older sister Lina and to settle payments for my mother’s inheritance. The trip left few impressions. His second trip abroad, in 1856, was longer and more impressive. Based on his impressions, Fet wrote a large article on foreign impressions entitled “From Abroad. Travel impressions." While traveling, Fet visited Rome, Naples, Genoa, Livorno, Paris and other famous Italian and French cities. In Paris, Fet met the family of Polina Viardot, whom Turgenev loved. And yet the trip abroad did not bring Fet any lasting joy. On the contrary, he was most sad and mopey abroad.
He had almost already reached the rank of major, which was supposed to automatically return the lost nobility to him, but in 1856, the new Tsar Alexander II, by a special decree, established new rules for obtaining nobility; from now on, not a major, but only a colonel has the right to nobility. “For health reasons, I expect, rather, death and I look at marriage as something unattainable for me.” Fet's words about the unattainability of marriage were spoken by Fet less than a year before his marriage to Maria Petrovna Botkina. Maria Petrovna was the sister of Vasily Petrovich Botkin, a famous writer, critic, close friend of Belinsky, friend and connoisseur of Fet. Maria Petrovna belonged to a large merchant family.
Seven Botkins were not only talented, but also friendly. Fet's future wife was in a special position in the family. The brothers lived their own lives, the older sisters were married off and had their own families, only Maria Petrovna remained in the house. Her situation seemed exceptional to her and greatly oppressed her. Fet's proposal was made, and in response there was agreement. It was decided to celebrate the wedding soon. But it so happened that Maria Petrovna had to go abroad without delay to accompany her sick married sister. The wedding was postponed until she returned. However, Fet did not wait for the bride to return from abroad - he went after her himself.
There, in Paris, the wedding ceremony took place and a modest wedding was played. Fet married Maria Petrovna, not having a strong feeling of love for her, but out of sympathy and common sense. Such marriages are often no less successful than marriages due to old age. Fet's marriage was successful in the most moral sense. Everyone who knew her spoke only well of Maria Petrovna, only with respect and genuine affection. Maria Petrovna was a good, educated woman, a good musician. She became her husband's assistant and was attached to him. Fet always felt this and could not help but be grateful. By February 1860, Fet had the idea of purchasing the estate. By the middle of the year, he realizes his dream-thought. The Stepanovka estate, which he bought, was located in the south of the same Mtsensk district of the Oryol province, where his native Novoselki estate was located.
It was a fairly large farm, 200 acres in size, located in the steppe strip, in an empty place. Turgenev joked about this: “it’s a fat pancake and there’s a bump on it,” “instead of nature... one space.” This is where Fet was in charge - for seventeen years. Here he spent most of the year, only going to Moscow for a short time in the winter. Fet was not just a good owner, he was passionate. His ardor in rural labors and the organization of the estate had serious psychological justification: he in fact regained his involvement in the class of noble landowners, eliminated what seemed to him a great injustice towards himself.
In Stepanovka, Fet taught two peasant children to read and write and built a hospital for the peasants. During times of crop shortage and famine, he helps peasants with money and other means. From 1867 and for ten years, Fet served as a justice of the peace. He took his responsibilities seriously and responsibly. Last years of life. The last years of Fet's life were marked by a new, unexpected and highest rise in his creativity. In 1877, Fet sold his old estate, Stepanovka, and bought a new one, Vorobyovka. This estate is located in the Kursk province, on the Tuskari River. It turned out that in Vorobyovka Fet was invariably busy with work all day and all hours.
Poetic and mental work. No matter how important translation works were for Fet, the biggest event in the last years of his life was the publication of collections of his original poems - “Evening Lights”. The poems amaze, first of all, with their depth and wisdom. These are both bright and tragic thoughts of the poet. Such, for example, are the poems “Death”, “Insignificance”, “Not by that, Lord, mighty, incomprehensible...”. The last poem is glory to man, glory to the eternal fire of the spirit that lives in man. In “Evening Lights,” as in all of Fet’s poetry, there are many poems about love. Beautiful, unique and unforgettable poems. One of them is “Alexandra Lvovna Brzheskaya”. Nature occupies a prominent place in Fet's late poetry. In his poems, she is always closely connected with a person. In late Fet, nature helps solve riddles and secrets of human existence. Through nature, Fet comprehends the subtlest psychological truth about man. At the end of his life, Fet became a rich man. By decree of Emperor Alexander II, his noble dignity and the surname Shenshin, so desired by him, were returned to him.
His fiftieth literary anniversary in 1889 was celebrated solemnly, magnificently and quite officially. The new Emperor Alexander III granted him the title of senior rank - chamberlain. Fet died on November 21, 1892, two days short of his seventy-second birthday. The circumstances of his death are as follows. On the morning of November 21, sick but still on his feet, Fet unexpectedly wished for champagne. His wife, Maria Petrovna, recalled that the doctor did not allow this. Fet began to insist that she immediately go to the doctor for permission. While they were harnessing the horses, Fet was worried and hurried: “Is it soon?” When he said goodbye to Maria Petrovna, he said: “Well, go away, mommy, and come back soon.” After his wife left, he said to the secretary: “Come on, I’ll dictate to you.” - "Letter?" – she asked. - "No". Under his dictation, the secretary wrote at the top of the sheet: “I don’t understand the deliberate increase in inevitable suffering. I voluntarily go towards the inevitable.” Fet himself signed this: “November 21, Fet (Shenshin).” On his table lay a steel cutting knife in the shape of a stiletto. Fet took it.
The alarmed secretary vomited. Then Fet, without giving up the idea of suicide, went to the dining room, where table knives were stored in the wardrobe. He tried to open the wardrobe, but to no avail. Suddenly, breathing rapidly, his eyes wide open, he fell onto a chair. Thus death came to him. Three days later, on November 24, the funeral ceremony took place. The funeral service was held in the university church. Then the coffin with Fet’s body was taken to the village of Kleymenovo Mtsenskon, Oryol province, the Shenshins’ family estate.
A few years after the death of his beloved Maria Lazich, thirty-seven-year-old Afanasy Fet met the daughter of the Moscow tea merchant Botkin in Paris. Maria Petrovna Botkina was no longer young by that time (she was 28 years old) and, moreover, she was not a beauty. This couple did without a long courtship, and just a few months after their first acquaintance, Afanasy Fet made the woman an offer, which she did not refuse. The poet confessed his illegal origin to his bride only before the wedding. In response, he also received Mary’s confession that she was not a virgin, since in her youth she had a short affair with a young man, which led to the loss of her maiden honor. But for the poet this circumstance did not become a hindrance, since he married for convenience. In addition, the dream of wealth always warmed the soul of the lyricist, who dreamed of marrying a rich heiress.
In family life, Afanasy Fet showed himself to be a good owner, who was able not only not to waste too much, but even significantly increased his wife’s fortune.
However, with such a good family life, researchers of the creative heritage of Afanasy Fet say that the cause of his death was suicide.
great womenAbout the family life of Afanasy Fet with his wife Maria Botkina, we can say that it turned out quite successfully, even despite the fact that there were no outstanding love passions in it. However, mutual respect and understanding always reigned in the house of Athanasius and Mary. Maria Petrovna, as a faithful and kind wife, always enthusiastically assisted her husband in running the household. And Afanasy Fet, in turn, was impressed by his wife’s friendly and calm character. They lived together for 35 long years.
A year after the wedding, Afanasy Fet retired and left military service forever. The couple settled in Moscow. Afanasy Fet always wanted to marry a girl from a wealthy family, which Maria turned out to be. But perhaps he decided that Mary’s dowry was not enough for a dignified and carefree life. Therefore, Fet decided to start increasing their now common wealth. Such an increase in the “chest of ducats” was his fees for his literary activities. The lyricist published a huge number of his new works, thereby demonstrating incredible efficiency. True, the quality of the poet's work was not always good. But this did not stop Fet from selling his most defective works to editors and receiving good money for it.
A few years after the death of his beloved Maria Lazich, thirty-seven-year-old Afanasy Fet met the daughter of the Moscow tea merchant Botkin in Paris. Maria Petrovna Botkina was no longer young by that time (she was 28 years old) and, moreover, she was not a beauty. This couple did without a long courtship, and just a few months after their first acquaintance, Afanasy Fet made the woman an offer, which she did not refuse. The poet confessed his illegal origin to his bride only before the wedding. In response, he also received Mary’s confession that she was not a virgin, since in her youth she had a short affair with a young man, which led to the loss of her maiden honor. But for the poet this circumstance did not become a hindrance, since he married for convenience. In addition, the dream of wealth always warmed the soul of the lyricist, who dreamed of marrying a rich heiress.
In family life, Afanasy Fet showed himself to be a good owner, who was able not only not to waste too much, but even significantly increased his wife’s fortune.
However, with such a good family life, researchers of the creative heritage of Afanasy Fet say that the cause of his death was suicide.
The Black Sun of Russian Poetry Fyodor Tyutchev. The apotheosis of love that survived death in the works of Afanasy Fet. On the poets' birthday - December 5 - about love, tragedies and muses that inspired the best lyrics of the 19th century.Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev and Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet are two gentle singers of nature and feelings, lyricists of the 19th century, born on the same day - December 5th. Both did not escape tragic ups and downs in life, both were inspired by sadness and love.
Maria Lazic and Maria Botkina
"B. A. Sadovsky argued that Fet’s love (and his poetry) is woven with thousands of threads by nightingales, singing at the piano on a moonlit night in May, with death. Sadovsky was the first to note that Fet’s love lyrics are not an entourage, but the apotheosis of love that survived death!”What could a dowry give to a poet except a cross and inspiration? He would then have to retire to support his family; an officer's salary would clearly not be enough.
“Fet, by his own admission, tried to convince her that there could be no happy marriage when both did not have income: “I clearly understand that marrying an officer who receives 300 rubles, without a home, to a girl without a fortune means taking thoughtlessly and in bad faith.” made a sworn promise that he is unable to fulfill."
Afanasy delayed as long as he could until Maria’s parents asked him to do something, to choose one of two possible solutions. And Fet made up his mind: he sent a letter in which he said that their happiness was impossible.
Perhaps the poet reproached himself for this act for the rest of his life, perhaps it was an accident, of which there are so many in the lives of creative people. Maria, reading in bed in the evening, dropped a match. The dress caught fire, the girl ran out onto the balcony, which killed her - the wind instantly turned the gauze dress into a torch. For three days she died from terrible burns.
Later, Fet admitted to Borisov that he was to blame for her death: “I was waiting for a woman who would understand me, and I waited for her. She, burning, shouted: “Ai nom du ciel sauvez les lettres.” (“For the sake of all that is holy, save the letters.” - French) and died with the words: “It’s not his fault, it’s mine.”Fet was still destined to find his own, if not inspiration, then family happiness.
Afanasy Afanasyevich met Maria Petrovna Botkina. The owner of a decent dowry, not of blue blood, calm and reasonable, Maria seemed not just a pleasant match, but also a harmonious companion.
The young people got married in Paris, and the best man at their wedding was none other than Turgenev. After the ceremony and travel, the newlyweds returned to Russia, and the poet never regretted his choice: Botkina became an excellent hostess and a loyal friend.
It's finished! The house sheltered me from bad weather,
The moon and sun shine through the windows,
And, rustling through the greenery, the trees dance
Rejoices in life and trembles.
1858
There was tragic love in A. Fet’s life, and this could not but affect his work. Famous romances were written based on his poems: “Don’t wake her up at dawn,” “I won’t tell you anything,” “In the silence of a secret night.” But “his sadness is light” and awakens sublime feelings in the soul.
Afanasy Fet and Fyodor Tyutchev: did they know each other?
They knew.Tyutchev’s name first appears in Fet’s letter to Turgenev dated December 1858: “As for your dispute about Tyutchev with M.N. (meaning Tolstaya) - they don’t argue about Tyutchev; whoever doesn’t feel him, thereby proves that he doesn't feel poetry."
According to numerous testimonies of contemporaries and friends, Tyutchev was Fet’s favorite poet, who wrote about him as “one of the greatest lyricists who existed on earth.”
Eleanor Peterson-Tyutcheva and Elena Deniseva
The widow of a Russian diplomat, Eleanor Peterson, widowed after 7 years of marriage and with four sons in her arms, met young Tyutchev in February 1826. The secret marriage, officially confirmed only in the year 29, brought together swift and selfless love.The poet dedicated the playful poem “Cache-Cache” to his young wife - light, beautiful, musical, without a single hint of thought - an example of pure, pure lyricism...
Here is her harp in the usual corner,
Carnations and roses stand by the window,
The midday ray dozed off on the floor:
Conditional time! But where is she?
ABOUT! who will help me find the minx,
Where, where is my Sylphide sheltered?..
Magical closeness, like grace,
Spilled in the air, I feel it.
1828
In May 1837, Eleanor and her three daughters went to her husband in Turin, where he had recently been appointed an official of the Russian diplomatic mission in the capital of the Sardinian kingdom. A fire broke out on the ship, which, despite all the efforts of the crew and the captain who ran the ship aground, could not be extinguished. Five people died. During the disaster, Eleanor expressed a calmness and self-control that was somewhat unusual for her. “It can be said in all fairness that the children twice owed their lives to their mother, who, at the cost of her last remaining strength, was able to carry them through the flames and snatch them from death,” Tyutchev will say about his wife.
The poet's wife was not physically harmed, but her mental health was again shaken (the first case of a nervous breakdown was associated with the relationship between Tyutchev and Ernestina Dernberg). Worried about her husband, Eleanor did not stay for treatment in Germany, but headed to Turin. A poor financial situation coupled with mental illness finally broke her, and on August 27, 1838, she died.
They will write about Tyutchev: “His grief knew no bounds. On the night he spent at his wife’s coffin, his head turned gray.”
It is not possible to call Tyutchev a faithful family man. The search for endless inspiration led him from his second wife - the same Ernestina, to Elena Alexandrovna Deniseva, who was 23 years younger than the poet.
The illegitimate wife, however, who considers herself “more of a wife than his other wives,” behaved upright and with dignity throughout the 14 years of their relationship. But we can only imagine the persecution and contempt she suffered from society. Her parents disowned her, and her guardian, Anna Dmitrievna, was forced to resign from Smolny. One of Tyutchev’s most famous poems is dedicated specifically to her, and acquires full meaning only after knowing about the muse:
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
Fate's terrible sentence
Your love was for her
And undeserved shame
She laid down her life!
1851
Over 15 years of a happy, albeit illegal, union, Denisyeva gave birth to three children for Tyutchev. All of them were recorded in documents under the father's name.
In August 1864, Denisyeva died of tuberculosis after giving birth to Nikolai, Tyutchev’s son. Fyodor Ivanovich buried his beloved at the Volkovsky cemetery, being in a state of complete despair. He was looking for a reason to talk about Her, looking for interlocutors with whom he could remember Elena Alexandrovna.
And Fet himself, the hero of our story, writes: “Tyutchev was feverish and shivering in a warm room from sobs.” The Denisiev cycle is Tyutchev’s famous “novel in verse”, entirely dedicated to Elena, moreover, it represents a living and vivid protest against “the hypocrisy and cruelty of the moral laws of society.”
Personification? Poem by F. I. Tyutchev “Leaves”. Comparison? Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. What is an epithet? Harmony and musicality of poetic speech. The house in which his father lived, and then A.A. Fet, as a student. “The spruce covered my path with its sleeve...” The purpose of the lesson. Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. Metaphor?
“Fet and Tyutchev” - teacher of Russian language and literature Rubtsova Zinaida Vasilievna. Purpose of work: Sound recording. Chu, there was a thunder behind the cloud, The earth frowned. Metaphor. How is a poetic image of nature created in the poems of A. Fet and F. Tyutchev? E. Karsalova. Research Questions. Greening fields Greener under a thunderstorm. F.I. Tyutchev.
“Lessons on Fet’s works” - Over tea we started talking about music. How much time passes in the poem? Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet 23.XI (5.XII). 1820 - 21.XI (3.XII). 1892. There was a piano in the hall. - What feelings and thoughts does A. Fet’s work evoke in you? Philological analysis of the poem. How is the poem structured compositionally? It was two o'clock in the morning when we parted ways.
“Creativity of Fet” - Evaluation criteria: Appendix – file No. 6 Examples of assessment: Appendix – file No. 7. When implementing the project, the age and psychological characteristics of students were taken into account. Project “Development of lessons on the works of Afanasy Fet.” Project “Development of lessons on the works of Afanasy Fet” Project planning. Key words: lyrics, image, impressionism, pure art.
“Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet” - Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. Afanasy Fet graduated from the university, where he studied first at the Faculty of Law and then at the Faculty of Philology. In 1856, the third was published in St. Petersburg, attracting the attention of poetry connoisseurs and lovers. Creation. Love. 1820 – 1892. 1850 - the second collection of the poet’s poems was published in Moscow.
“Afanasy Fet” - 1838-1844 - studied at Moscow University. At the age of 28, love came to Fet. Surname Fet (more precisely, Fet, German. Fet is the owner of Stepanovka. The house is in the Vorobyovka estate. But in the struggle between the landowner and the poet, the poet invariably gained the upper hand. Afanasy. Fet. Meets with Turgenev, Nekrasov, Goncharov, etc. There he meets the daughter of a rich man Moscow tea merchant Maria Petrovna Botkina.
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